Bitewe n’izamuka ry’umusaruro w’inganda zitandukanye n’ingufu zikenewe mu gihe cy’ibiza, ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihuza ubworoherane n’ubudahangarwa byabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi ku isoko. Vuba aha, hari ingufu nyinshi zingana mu cyiciro kimwe n’inshuro eshatu.amamashini akoresha mazutubyashyizwe ku isoko cyane. Akamaro kabyo k’ingenzi ko guhinduranya hagati y’umusaruro w’icyiciro kimwe n’uwa gatatu mu gihe bikomeza gukoresha ingufu zidahindagurika byatanze umusaruro uhagije mu bintu byinshi nko mu nganda, gutabara mu buryo bwihutirwa mu bucuruzi, no mu bikorwa byo hanze. Bitanga igisubizo cy’amashanyarazi gihuriweho ku bakoresha bafite ingufu zitandukanye kandi byitezwe ko bizahindura imiterere y’isoko ry’ibikoresho bito n’ibiciriritse bitanga ingufu za mazutu.
Iterambere ry'ingenzi ry'imbaraga zingana mu cyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatuamamashini akoresha mazutuIshingiye ku gukemura ikibazo cy’inganda cy’ "ingufu zitajyanye n’icyiciro kimwe n’ingufu eshatu" z’imashini zikora moteri zisanzwe. Abanyamakuru bakuye ubushakashatsi ku isoko bamenye ko imashini zikora moteri zisanzwe zikunze kugira ikibazo cy’uko ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe ziba nke ugereranyije n’izikoreshwa mu buryo butatu, ibyo bikaba bigabanya umutwaro iyo abakoresha bahinduye uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kandi badashobora gukoresha neza ingufu z’ibikoresho. Ibicuruzwa bishya, binyuze mu kunoza imiterere y’amashanyarazi na sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga, byageze ku mbaraga zingana hagati ya 230V imwe na 400V eshatu. Dufashe urugero rwa modele ya 7kW, uburyo butatu bushobora gutwara moteri eshatu za 2.2kW, kandi uburyo butatu bushobora kandi gushyigikira ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi nka conditioneri zo mu rugo n’ibishyushya amazi, bigatuma "imashini imwe ikoresha imbaraga ebyiri" ihinduka. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imashini zikora moteri zikoresha mazutu zivanze n’umuyaga ziri muri 100kW nazo zishobora gutanga ingufu zingana. Bene ubwo buryo bushobora kugera ku musaruro wo guhinduranya ingufu mu buryo bungana mu byiciro bimwe na bitatu binyuze mu guhindura moteri zidasanzwe, kandi bufite buto izunguruka mu buryo bungana mu byiciro bimwe na bitatu, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora kurangiza guhindura uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi nta bikorwa bigoye, birushaho kunoza uburyo bworohereza ibikoresho.
Mu bijyanye no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, ibyo bikoresho muri rusange bihuza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: igishushanyo mbonera cy'umunwa, kugenzura neza no kurengera ibidukikije. Dufashe urugero rwa moderi ya 15kW, binyuze mu kunoza sisitemu yo gusohora imyuka n'imiterere y'umubiri, urusaku rw'imikorere ruri hasi cyane ugereranije n'urw'imashini gakondo, zishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibintu bishobora kwangiza urusaku nk'ibigo by'ubuvuzi n'abaturage batuye; sisitemu yo kugenzura voltage yikora ya AVR ituma ingufu za voltage zihindagurika cyane, zishobora gutanga ingufu zihamye ku mitwaro ikomeye nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura neza n'ibikoresho; zimwe muri moderi zikomeye nazo zifite imikorere yo kugenzura kure, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora gufata ibipimo birenga 200 by'imikorere mu gihe nyacyo, kandi igihe cyo gusuzuma amakosa kigabanuka kikagera mu minota 5, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga. Modeli za 100kW no munsi y'amazi y'umuyaga zihuza ingufu zingana, hashingiwe ku kugumana inyungu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo bunoze bwo guhuza amazi n'umuyaga, zirushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kwizerwa binyuze mu miterere myiza ya moteri zabugenewe.
Ukurikije ikoreshwa ry'isoko, uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi ya mazutu mu buryo bungana n'ubw'icyiciro kimwe n'ubw'icyiciro cya gatatu bwageze ku rwego rwuzuye. Mu rwego rw'inganda, umusaruro wayo uhamye w'icyiciro cya gatatu ushobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibikoresho bito byo mu iduka; mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi, igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashanyarazi ya silindiri ebyiri gihamya ko ibikoresho byo kuhira bihamye mu mirimo y'igihe kirekire; ahantu ho kubaka hashobora guhinduka hakoreshejwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini z'ubwubatsi bitewe n'ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya hagati y'icyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu; mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi n'abaturage batuye mu midugudu, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi n'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi bituma iba igisubizo cyiza cyo gutanga amashanyarazi. Cyane cyane mu bihe bidafite amashanyarazi yo mu mujyi nko mu duce twa kure tw'itumanaho n'imishinga yo hanze, ibyiza byayo byo gukora neza cyane, kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama ingufu no kuzikoresha byoroshye biragaragara cyane, bishobora gukemura neza ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi "kilometero ya nyuma".
Abasesenguzi b’inganda bagaragaje ko bitewe n’iterambere ry’intego y’igihugu ya "karuboni ebyiri" no kugenzura neza ingufu z’amashanyarazi zidasanzwe, seti z’amashanyarazi zikoresha mazutu zikoresha umwuka muke kandi zikora neza cyane zabaye ingenzi mu iterambere ry’inganda. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, moderi z’amashanyarazi zingana mu cyiciro kimwe n’iz’icyiciro cya gatatu zageze ku "mashini imwe ifite imirimo myinshi", idahura gusa n’ibyifuzo by’ibanze by’isoko ry’amashanyarazi yoroshye, ahubwo inahura n’iterambere ry’iterambere ryo kurengera ibidukikije n’ubutasi. Amakuru agaragaza ko ingano y’isoko ry’amaseti y’amashanyarazi akoresha mazutu mu Bushinwa yageze kuri miliyari 18 z’amayuani mu 2025, kandi byitezwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 26 z’amayuani mu 2030. Muri zo, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa biva hagati kugeza ku binini bifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ingufu nyinshi n’imikorere yo kugenzura mu buryo bw’ubwenge kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Muri rusange, ibigo by’inganda byavuze ko bizakomeza kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo birusheho kunoza imikorere myiza ya lisansi no guhuza ibidukikije n’ibicuruzwa. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho nko guhuza lisansi ya hydrogen n’ingufu nshya zivanze, ibyuma bitanga ingufu zingana za mazutu byitezweho kugira uruhare runini mu ihinduka ry’ingufu, bitanga ibisubizo by’ingwate y’ingufu nziza, ishimishije kandi yizewe ku nganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-08-2026
