Imashini itanga amashanyarazi muri rusange igizwe na moteri, generator, sisitemu yo kugenzura byuzuye, sisitemu yumuzingi wa peteroli, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu.Igice cyingufu za generator zashyizwe muri sisitemu yitumanaho - moteri ya mazutu cyangwa moteri ya gaz turbine - ahanini ni kimwe kubice byumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije;Iboneza hamwe na lisansi ya sisitemu ya peteroli ahanini bifitanye isano nimbaraga, kubwibyo rero nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yumuriro mwinshi kandi muto, bityo rero nta tandukanyirizo ryibisabwa kugirango hafashwe ikirere hamwe na sisitemu yohereza ibice bitanga ubukonje.Itandukaniro ryibipimo nibikorwa hagati yumuriro wa voltage mwinshi hamwe na moteri ya generator nkeya bigaragarira cyane mubice bya generator no gukwirakwiza sisitemu igice.
1. Itandukaniro mubunini n'uburemere
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi menshi ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, kandi kwiyongera kurwego rwa voltage bituma ibyifuzo byabo byiyongera.Mu buryo buhuye, ingano nuburemere bwigice cya generator nini kuruta iy'amashanyarazi make.Kubwibyo, ingano yumubiri hamwe nuburemere bwa 10kV ya generator yashizwemo nini cyane ugereranije niy'umuriro muto.Nta tandukaniro rikomeye rigaragara usibye igice cya generator.
2. Itandukaniro muburyo bwo gushingiraho
Uburyo butagira aho bubogamiye bwa generator ebyiri ziratandukanye.Igice cya 380V kizunguruka ni inyenyeri ihujwe.Mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo hasi ya voltage nuburyo butagira aho bubogamiye sisitemu yubutaka, bityo inyenyeri ihuza ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye ya generator yashizweho kugirango ikurwe kandi irashobora guhagarara neza mugihe bikenewe.Sisitemu ya 10kV ni sisitemu ntoya yubutaka, kandi ingingo itabogamye muri rusange ntabwo iba ishingiye cyangwa ngo ishingiye kuburwanya.Kubwibyo, ugereranije na voltage nkeya, ibice 10kV bisaba kongeramo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye nkakabati yo guhangana n’akabati.
3. Itandukaniro muburyo bwo kurinda
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi menshi muri rusange isaba kwishyiriraho uburyo bwihuse bwo kurinda kumeneka, kurinda ibicuruzwa birenze urugero, kurinda ubutaka, nibindi.
Iyo ikosa ryibanze ribaye mugikorwa cya generator yumuriro mwinshi, byangiza umutekano muke kubakozi nibikoresho, bityo rero birakenewe gushiraho uburyo bwo kurinda amakosa.
Ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye ya generator ishingiye kuburwanya.Iyo ikosa rimwe ryibanze ryabayeho, ikosa ryanyuze mumwanya utabogamye rirashobora kuboneka, kandi kurinda ingendo cyangwa guhagarika bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mukurinda relay.Ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye ya generator iba ishingiye kuri résistoriste, ishobora kugabanya ikosa ryagaragaye mugihe cyemewe cyo kwangirika kwa generator, kandi generator irashobora gukorana namakosa.Binyuze mukurwanya guhagarara, amakosa yo guhagarara arashobora gutahurwa neza kandi ibikorwa byo kurinda relay birashobora gutwarwa.Ugereranije n’ibice bito bito bito, amashanyarazi menshi arasaba kongeramo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ingingo zidafite aho zibogamiye nkakabati yo guhangana n’akabati.
Nibiba ngombwa, uburinzi butandukanye bugomba gushyirwaho kumashanyarazi menshi.
Tanga ibyiciro bitatu birinda itandukaniro kuri stator ihindagurika ya generator.Mugushiraho ibyuma bihinduranya kuri terefone ebyiri zisohoka muri buri giceri muri generator, itandukaniro ririho hagati yimyanya yinjira nisohoka ya coil irapimwa kugirango hamenyekane imiterere ya coil.Iyo umuzenguruko mugufi cyangwa guhagarara bibaye mubice bibiri cyangwa bitatu, ikosa rishobora kugaragara muri transformateur zombi, bityo bikarinda gutwara.
4. Itandukaniro mumashanyarazi asohoka
Kurwego rumwe rwubushobozi, diameter ya kabili isohoka ya voltage yumuriro mwinshi ni nto cyane ugereranije niy'amashanyarazi make, bityo rero umwanya wo gukenera umwanya kumiyoboro isohoka ni muto.
5. Itandukaniro muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibice
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibice bya voltage nkeya birashobora guhurizwa hamwe kuruhande rumwe rwigice cya generator kumubiri wimashini, mugihe amashanyarazi menshi arasaba agasanduku kigenga kugenzura kugenga gutandukanijwe nigice bitewe nibibazo bivanga ibimenyetso.
6. Itandukaniro mubisabwa kubungabunga
Ibisabwa byo kubungabunga amashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi mubice bitandukanye nka sisitemu yumuzunguruko wamavuta hamwe no gufata ikirere hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka bihwanye nibice bito bito, ariko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi, hamwe nabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bakeneye kuba bafite impushya zo gukora cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2023
