Itsinda ry’imashini zitanga umuriro muri rusange rigizwe na moteri, moteri, sisitemu igenzura yuzuye, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amavuta, na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu. Igice cy’ingufu cya moteri gishyirwa muri sisitemu y’itumanaho - moteri ya mazutu cyangwa moteri ya turbine ya gaze - muri rusange ni kimwe ku bikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi n’umuvuduko muto; Imiterere n’ingano ya lisansi ya sisitemu y’amavuta bifitanye isano ahanini n’ingufu, bityo nta tandukaniro rinini riri hagati y’ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi n’umuke, bityo nta tandukaniro riri mu bisabwa ku bikoresho bitwara umwuka n’ibisohora umwuka by’ibikoresho bitanga ubukonje. Itandukaniro mu bipimo n’imikorere hagati y’ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi n’ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko muto bigaragarira cyane cyane mu gice cy’imashini zitanga umuriro n’igice cy’imashini zitanga umuriro.
1. Itandukaniro mu bunini n'uburemere
Amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa generator afite voltage nyinshi akoresha generator zifite voltage nyinshi, kandi kwiyongera k'urugero rw'amashanyarazi bituma ibisabwa mu gukingira amashanyarazi birushaho kuba byinshi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingano n'uburemere by'igice cy'umusaruro biruta iby'ibikoresho bifite voltage nke. Kubwibyo, ingano n'uburemere rusange by'umusaruro n'uburemere by'ishanyarazi rya 10kV biruta gato iby'ishanyarazi rifite voltage nke. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu miterere uretse igice cy'umusaruro.
2. Itandukaniro mu buryo bwo gusimbuza ubutaka
Uburyo bwo gufunga ubutaka budafite aho bubogamiye bw’amaseti abiri ya moteri buratandukanye. Imashini ya 380V ihuza inyenyeri. Muri rusange, sisitemu ifite voltage nke ni sisitemu ifite imiterere y’ubutaka idafite aho ibogamiye, bityo imiterere ifite inyenyeri ihuza inyenyeri ishobora gukurwaho kandi ishobora gufunga ubutaka mu buryo butaziguye igihe bikenewe. Sisitemu ya 10kV ni sisitemu nto yo gufunga ubutaka, kandi ingingo ifite aho ibogamiye muri rusange ntabwo ishingiye ku butaka cyangwa ngo ishingirwe ku butaka. Kubwibyo, ugereranije n’ibikoresho bifite voltage nke, 10kV bisaba kongerwamo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza imiterere y’ubutaka nk’amabati arwanya umuyaga n’amabati arwanya umuyaga.
3. Itandukaniro mu buryo bwo kwirinda
Muri rusange, moteri zitanga ingufu nyinshi zisaba ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro vuba, kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi, kurinda ubutaka, nibindi. Iyo uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro vuba butuje butubahirije ibisabwa, uburinzi bw’impinduka mu gihe kirekire bushobora gushyirwaho.
Iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo gufunga ubutaka mu gihe cy’imashini ikora amashanyarazi menshi, bibangamira cyane abakozi n’ibikoresho, bityo bikaba ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurinda ikibazo cyo gufunga ubutaka.
Ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye ya moteri iterwa n'icyuma gikingira. Iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo gufunga cy’icyiciro kimwe, umuriro w’ikosa unyura mu gice kidafite aho ibogamiye ushobora kumenyekana, kandi uburinzi bwo gucika cyangwa kuzimya bushobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kurinda imiyoboro. Ingingo idafite aho ibogamiye ya moteri iterwa n'icyuma gikingira, gishobora kugabanya umuriro w’ikosa mu murongo wemewe wa moteri, kandi moteri ishobora gukorana n’ikosa. Binyuze mu kwirinda gufunga, amakosa yo gufunga ashobora kumenyekana neza kandi ibikorwa byo kurinda imiyoboro bishobora gukorwa. Ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bifite voltage nke, seti za moteri zifite voltage nyinshi zisaba kongerwamo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ingingo zidafite aho ibogamiye nka kabati zirwanya n’akabati ka kontakti.
Iyo bibaye ngombwa, hagomba gushyirwaho uburinzi butandukanye ku mashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi.
Gutanga uburinzi bw'impinduka z'amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu ku mpande za stator za generator. Mu gushyira transformers z'amashanyarazi ku mpera ebyiri zisohoka za buri coil muri generator, itandukaniro ry'impinduka z'amashanyarazi hagati y'impinduka zinjiye n'izisohoka za coil rirapimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi bwa coil. Iyo habayeho uruziga rugufi cyangwa gufunga mu byiciro bibiri cyangwa bitatu, umuriro w'amashanyarazi ushobora kugaragara muri transformers zombi, bityo ukaba urinda.
4. Itandukaniro mu nsinga zisohoka
Mu rwego rumwe rw'ubushobozi, umurambararo w'insinga yo gusohokera y'ibice bifite voltage nyinshi ni muto cyane ugereranije n'iy'ibice bifite voltage nke, bityo ibisabwa mu mwanya ku miyoboro yo gusohokera ni bike.
5. Itandukaniro muri sisitemu zo kugenzura ibice
Sisitemu yo kugenzura igice cy’ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke muri rusange ishobora guhuzwa ku ruhande rumwe rw’igice cy’imashini ikora moteri, mu gihe ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi muri rusange bisaba agasanduku k’ibikoresho byigenga gashyirwa ukwako bitewe n’ibibazo byo kubangamira ibimenyetso.
6. Itandukaniro mu bisabwa mu kubungabunga
Ibisabwa ku kubungabunga ibikoresho bitanga ingufu nyinshi mu buryo butandukanye nko mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amavuta n'uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka bingana n'iby'ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke, ariko uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'ibikoresho ni uburyo bufite ingufu nyinshi, kandi abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bagomba kuba bafite ibyangombwa by'akazi bifite ingufu nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2023
