Mu minsi ishize, bitewe n'ibibazo ahoamamashini akoresha mazutuBikenewe gushyirwa ku igorofa rya kabiri muri imwe mu mishinga, kugira ngo harebwe ireme ry'ibikoresho bishyirwaho, umutekano mu mikorere, ndetse n'umutekano w'ibidukikije biyikikije, ishami rya tekiniki ry'ikigo ryatanze incamake y'ingenzi y'ingamba zo kwirinda hashingiwe ku myaka myinshi y'uburambe mu mwuga w'ubwubatsi, ritanga ubuyobozi bw'umwuga mu bya tekiniki mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ijyanye nayo.
Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amashanyarazi bitangwa mu gihe cy'impanuka, imiterere y'aho bishyirwa n'ibipimo by'inyubako byaamamashini akoresha mazutubigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo buhoraho mu mikorere. Ugereranyije no gushyiraho ku igorofa ryo hasi, gushyiraho ku igorofa rya kabiri bigira ingaruka cyane ku bintu nk'imiterere y'imizigo, imiterere y'ahantu, uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu bihindagurika, n'imyotsi isohora umwotsi n'ubushyuhe. Hakenewe kugenzura neza mu gihe cyose kuva ku itegurwa kugeza nyuma yo kwemerwa.
I. Gutegura mbere: Gushyiraho umusingi ukomeye wo gushyiraho
1. Igenzura ryihariye ry'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo hasi
Ingingo nyamukuru yo gushyiraho ku igorofa rya kabiri ni ukugenzura ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ku igorofa buhuye n'ibisabwa n'ibikoresho. Iyo icyuma gitanga lisansi gikora, kiba kirimo uburemere bwacyo, uburemere bwa lisansi, n'umuvuduko w'imikorere. Ni ngombwa gukora ikizamini cyo gutwara imizigo ku igorofa ry'aho gishyirwa hamwe n'icyuma gishushanya inyubako mbere y'igihe. Kwibanda ku kugenzura amakuru y'imiterere y'igorofa, bisaba ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ku buso bwo gushyiraho imizigo bugomba kuba inshuro 1.2 z'uburemere bwose bw'ibikoresho (harimo n'icyuma, ikigega cya lisansi, umusingi, nibindi). Iyo bibaye ngombwa, hakenewe uburyo bwo kongeramo ingufu ku igorofa, nko kongeramo imitako itwara imizigo no gushyiraho ibyuma bitwara imizigo, kugira ngo hakurweho ingaruka mbi ku miterere y'inyubako.
2. Gutegura neza ahantu ho gushyira ibintu
Teganya neza aho icyuma gishyirwa hamwe n'imiterere y'igorofa rya kabiri. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko intera iri hagati y'icyuma n'urukuta n'ibindi bikoresho ihagaze neza: intera iri hagati y'ibumoso n'urukuta ntabwo iri munsi ya metero 1.5, intera iri hagati y'iburyo n'inyuma n'urukuta ntabwo iri munsi ya metero 0.8, kandi intera iri hagati y'imbere n'inkuta ntabwo iri munsi ya metero 1.2, ibyo bikaba byoroshye mu kubungabunga ibikoresho, kubikoresha no kubikuraho ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, shyira imiyoboro yo kuzamura ibikoresho kugira ngo urebe ko icyuma gishobora gutwarwa neza kuva ku igorofa rya mbere kugera ku gice cyo gushyiraho ku igorofa rya kabiri. Ubugari, uburebure bw'umuyoboro n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo by'ingazi bigomba kuba bihuye n'ingano n'uburemere bw'icyuma.
3. Guhitamo ibikoresho bihuye n'imiterere
Shyira imbere guhitamo ibikoresho bito n'ibyoroheje kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko ku bushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo hasi bitewe n'uko byujuje ibisabwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije ko imiterere y'umwuka mu cyumba cyo ku igorofa rya kabiri ishobora kuba mike, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyangwa gutegura ibindi bikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mbere y'igihe; ku bibazo byo kohereza imitingito, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza imitingito bike bishobora gukundwa, kandi ibikoresho byo kugabanya imitingito bikoreshwa mu kugabanya imitingito bishobora gushyirwaho.
II. Inzira yo kubaka: Kugenzura byimazeyo imikoranire y'ingenzi
1. Gushyiraho sisitemu yo kugabanya urusaku no kugabanya imitingito
Guhindagurika guterwa n'imikorere y'imashini ikora mazutu bishobora koherezwa mu igorofa ryo hasi binyuze mu igorofa, bigatera umwanda w'urusaku no kwangirika kw'inyubako. Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, ibikoresho by'umwuga byo kugabanya guhindagurika, nka za rubber vibration isolation pads na spring vibration isolators, bigomba kongerwamo hagati y'ishingiro ry'imashini n'igorofa. Guhitamo imashini zigabanya guhindagurika bigomba guhuza uburemere bw'imashini n'inshuro zo guhindagurika, kandi bigomba gukwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana ku ngingo zishyigikira ishingiro. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza imashini n'umuyoboro w'umwotsi, umuyoboro w'amavuta, insinga n'ibindi bice bihuza kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo bwo gukwirakwira kw'imashini.
2. Imiterere isanzwe ya sisitemu yo gusohora umwotsi
Gushyiramo sisitemu yo gusohora umwotsi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'ibikoresho ndetse no ku mutekano w'ibidukikije. Kugira ngo ushyireho ku igorofa rya kabiri, ni ngombwa gutegura neza icyerekezo cy'umuyoboro w'umwotsi, kugabanya uburebure bw'umuyoboro, no kugabanya umubare w'inkokora (zitarenze inkokora 3) kugira ngo wirinde ko umwotsi udashobora kwiyongera bitewe n'imiyoboro miremire cyane. Umuyoboro w'umwotsi ugomba kuba ukozwe mu bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi birwanya ingese, kandi urwego rwo hanze rugomba gupfundikirwa ipamba irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ikwirakwira ry'ubushyuhe byagira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Umuyoboro ugomba kwaguka hanze kandi ukaba munini kuruta igisenge cyangwa kure y'inzugi n'amadirishya kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwotsi winjira mu cyumba cyangwa ngo ugire ingaruka ku baturage baho.
3. Ingwate y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha lisansi n'amavuta
Ikigega cya lisansi kigomba gushyirwa kure y’aho umuriro uturuka n’aho ubushyuhe buturuka. Ni byiza gukoresha ibigega bya lisansi bidaturika, kandi intera iri hagati y’ikigega cya lisansi n’icyo gikoresho gikoreshwa. Umuyoboro w’amavuta ugomba kuba ukomeye kandi ufunze neza kugira ngo wirinde ko lisansi iva. Hagomba kwitabwaho cyane uburyo ikigega cya lisansi gishyirwa mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ikigega cya lisansi ku igorofa rya kabiri kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikigega cya lisansi cyava mu gutigita kw’icyo gikoresho. Ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo gukonjesha, iyo hashyizweho icyuma gikonjesha umwuka, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko hari umwuka mwiza mu gice gishyirwamo; iyo hashyizweho icyuma gikonjesha amazi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho neza umuyoboro w’amazi akonjesha kugira ngo amazi atembera neza, kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kwirinda gukonjesha no gukumira amazi.
4. Imiterere Isanzwe y'Imiyoboro y'Amashanyarazi
Gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y'inyubako z'amashanyarazi. Guhitamo insinga bigomba guhuza n'imbaraga z'icyuma. Imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igomba kurindwa n'imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro kugira ngo hirindwe kuvanga n'izindi miyoboro. Guhuza hagati y'icyuma n'akabati gakwirakwiza ibikoresho n'akabati gagenzura bigomba kuba bikomeye, kandi ibice bya terminal bigomba gukanda kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe buterwa no gukora nabi. Muri icyo gihe, shyiraho sisitemu yizewe yo gufunga ubutaka ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gufunga ubutaka butarenze 4Ω kugira ngo wizere umutekano w'abakora.
III. Nyuma yo kwemererwa no Gukoresha no Kubungabunga: Guharanira ko imikorere ihoraho ihoraho
1. Kugenzura byimazeyo uburyo bwo kwemererwa gushyiramo
Nyuma yo kurangiza gushyiraho ibikoresho, abakozi b'inzobere n'abatekinisiye bagomba guhuzwa kugira ngo bakore gahunda yo kwakira neza. Kwibanda ku kugenzura imikoranire y'ingenzi nko kugira ngo imbaraga zitwara imizigo zikoreshwe, gushyiraho sisitemu yo kugabanya imitingito, gufunga imiyoboro y'imyotsi isohora umwotsi, gufunga kwa sisitemu za lisansi n'izikonjesha, no guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, kora ikizamini cy'imikorere y'iyi mashini kugira ngo urebe uko ishami rikora, gufunga, ingaruka z'imyotsi isohora umwotsi, guhagarara k'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi, kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibipimo byose byujuje ibisabwa.
2. Ingwate ihoraho yo gukoresha no kubungabunga
Shyiraho kandi unoze uburyo bwo gucunga imikorere n'imicungire y'ibikoresho, kandi ukore igenzura n'isukura ry'ibikoresho buri gihe. Ibande ku kugenzura ko ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko bisaza, ingese y'imiyoboro y'umwotsi usohora, amazi ya lisansi n'ay'ubukonje asohoka, hamwe n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi, kandi umenye vuba kandi uhangane n'ibyago bishobora kubaho. Muri icyo gihe, sukura buri gihe imyanda iri mu gice gishyirwamo ibikoresho kugira ngo umwuka ukomeze guhumeka neza kandi utange ibidukikije byiza byo gukora.
Gushyirahoamamashini akoresha mazutuku igorofa rya kabiri hari umushinga uhamye ugomba kwita ku mutekano, imikorere myiza n'ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Isosiyete izakomeza kwishingikiriza ku itsinda ryayo ry'abahanga mu bya tekiniki kugira ngo rihe abakiriya serivisi zuzuye kuva ku igenamigambi mbere y'igihe, guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku bwubatsi no gushyiraho, ndetse no nyuma yo gukora no kubungabunga, kugira ngo buri mushinga ushyirwe mu bikorwa neza kandi ukomeze gukora neza. Niba ufite ibyo ukeneye mu mushinga cyangwa ubujyanama mu bya tekiniki, nyamuneka hamagara ishami rya tekiniki ry'isosiyete kugira ngo bagufashe mu by'umwuga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2025
