Igikoresho cyo gusukura umwotsi wumye, kizwi cyane nkaAkayunguruzo ka mazutu (DPF)cyangwa icyuma gisukura umwotsi w'umukara wumye, ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gukurahouduce duto tw'ibintu (PM)cyane cyaneifu ya karuboni (umwotsi w'umukara), kuvamoteri ikoresha mazutuIkora binyuze mu kuyungurura amazi idashingiye ku bintu by'amazi, bityo ikaba ari yo mpamvu ijambo "yumye."
I. Ihame ry'imikorere: Kuyungurura umubiri no kuvugurura
Ihame ry'imikorere yaryo rishobora kuvugwa muri make mu buryo butatu:"Fata - Wikubire - Wibagirwe."
- Gufata (Gushungura):
- Imyuka isohora umwuka ishyushye cyane iva muri moteri yinjira mu cyuma gisukura amazi hanyuma ikanyura mu cyuma gitunganya amazi gikozwe muri ceramic ifite imyenge (urugero: cordierite, silicon carbide) cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu byuma.
- Inkuta z'ikintu gitunganya icyuma zitwikiriwe n'imiyoboro mito (ubusanzwe iba ntoya kurusha mikoroni 1), ituma imyuka (urugero: azote, dioxyde de carbone, umwuka w'amazi) inyuramo ariko igafata imiyoboro minini.uduce duto (ivu, ivu) n'uduce duto tw'ibinyabuzima dushonga (SOF)imbere cyangwa hejuru y'akayunguruzo.
- Kusanya:
- Uduce twafashwe tugenda twiyongera buhoro buhoro muri akayunguruzo, tugakora "umuti w'ifu." Uko ubwiyongere bw'amazi bwiyongera, ni ko umuvuduko w'amazi usohoka ugenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro.
- Ongera uvugurure:
- Iyo umuvuduko w'imyotsi ugeze ku mupaka wagenwe (bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri), sisitemu igomba gutangiza"kuvugurura"inzira yo gutwika ivu ryari ryakusanyije muri filter, bigasubiza ubushobozi bwaryo bwo kuyungurura.
- Kuvugurura ni cyo gikorwa cy'ingenzi, byagezweho cyane cyane binyuze muri:
- Kuvugurura bidakora: Iyo icyuma gitanga umuriro gikoze ku muvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bw'imyotsi buzamuka mu buryo busanzwe (ubusanzwe >350°C). Ifu y'umukungugu ifatwa n'umwuka wa azote (NO₂) mu mwuka usohora umwuka hanyuma ikarabya (ikazima buhoro buhoro). Iyi gahunda ikomeza ariko akenshi ntihagije kugira ngo isukure neza.
- Kuvugurura mu buryo bukora: Bitangizwa ku ngufu iyo umuvuduko w'umugongo uri hejuru cyane kandi ubushyuhe bw'imyotsi budahagije.
- Ikoresha lisansi (Igikoresho gishyushya): Ingano nto ya mazutu iterwa hejuru ya DPF igatwikwa n'icyuma gitwika, ibi bikazamura ubushyuhe bwa gaze yinjira muri DPF bukagera kuri dogere selisiyusi 600, bigatera ogisijeni yihuta no gutwika ifu y'umukungugu.
- Kuvugurura amashanyarazi ashyushya: Ikintu cyo kuyungurura gishyushya kugeza aho umuriro ucanira hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi.
- Kuvugurura Microwave: Ikoresha ingufu za mikoroonde mu gushyushya uduce tw'umusemburo mu buryo bwihariye.
II. Ibice by'ingenzi
Sisitemu yuzuye yo gusukura uruhu rwumye isanzwe ikubiyemo:
- Ikintu cyo gushungura cya DPF: Igice cyo kuyungurura cy'ibanze.
- Sensor y'umuvuduko utandukanye (Izamuka/Imanuka): Ikurikirana itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko muri filter, ikamenya urwego rw'umutwaro w'umusemburo, kandi igatera ikimenyetso cyo kongera kuvugurura.
- Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe: Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'aho binjirira n'aho bisohokera kugira ngo ugenzure uburyo bwo kongera kuvugurura no gukumira kwangirika gukabije.
- Sisitemu yo Gutera Ivugurura no Kugenzura: Igenzura mu buryo bwikora gutangira no guhagarara kwa porogaramu yo kuvugurura hashingiwe ku bimenyetso biva mu byuma bipima umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe.
- Umukozi Ushinzwe Kuvugurura: Nk'icyuma gishyushya mazutu, imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi, icyuma gishyushya gikoresha amashanyarazi, n'ibindi.
- Urupapuro rw'amacumbi n'ubwugarizi: Kugabanya umuvuduko no kubika ubushyuhe.
III. Ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo
| Ibyiza | Imbogamizi |
| Gukuraho ivumbi neza cyane: Ingufu nyinshi cyane zo kuyungurura ifu y'umukara (umwotsi w'umukara), zishobora kugera kuri >95%, bigabanura umwijima wa Ringelmann ku rwego rwa 0-1. | Byongera umuvuduko w'umugongo: Igira ingaruka ku buryo moteri ihumeka neza, ishobora gutuma ikoreshwa rya lisansi ryiyongera gato (hafi 1-3%). |
| Nta mazi akoreshwa akeneweBitandukanye na SCR (isaba urea), ikenera gusa ingufu z'amashanyarazi na mazutu nke kugira ngo ivugurure mu gihe cyo gukora, nta zindi kiguzi cyo gukoresha. | Gusana mu buryo bugoye: Bisaba gusukura ivu buri gihe (gukuraho ivu ridashobora gushya) no kurigenzura. Kunanirwa kongera kuvugurura bishobora gutuma icyuma kiziba cyangwa kigashonga. |
| Imiterere mito: Sisitemu yoroshye, ifite aho iherereye hato, kandi yoroshye kuyishyiramo. | Ifite ubwiza bw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli: Ingano nyinshi ya sulfure muri mazutu ikora sulfure, kandi ivu rinini rituma filter ifunga, byombi bigira ingaruka ku buzima no ku mikorere. |
| Yibanda ku Muyobozi Mukuru w'Intara: Igikoresho kidahindagurika kandi cyiza cyane cyo gukemura umwotsi w'umukara n'udukoko tugaragara. | Ntivura NOx: Igamije ahanini ibintu by’udukoko; igira ingaruka nke kuri okiside ya azote. Isaba guhuza na sisitemu ya SCR kugira ngo ihuzwe neza. |
| Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gihe gitoUgereranyije na SCR isaba ubushyuhe burambye, DPF irushaho kwihutisha imikorere itandukanye y’akazi. | Ishoramari ry'ibanze rinini: Cyane cyane ku byuma bisukura bikoreshwa ku mamashini akoresha ingufu nyinshi. |
IV. Ingero z'ingenzi z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa
- Ahantu hasabwa cyane kohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere: Ingufu zo kubika amakuru ku bigo by’amakuru, ibitaro, amahoteli ahenze, inyubako z’ibiro, n’ibindi, kugira ngo hirindwe ihumana ry’umwotsi w’umukara.
- Uturere tw'imijyi n'udutuwe cyane: Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije mu gace utuyemo no kwirinda ibirego.
- Amaseti ya Generator yo mu nzu: Ni ngombwa mu gusukura imyuka iva mu nzu kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu n'umutekano w'uburyo bwo guhumeka.
- Inganda Zidasanzwe: Sitasiyo z'itumanaho, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro munsi y'ubutaka (ubwoko butashobora guturika), amato, ibyambu, n'ibindi.
- Nk'igice cya Sisitemu Ihuriweho: Ihujwe na SCR (yo kugabanya ubushyuhe) na DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) kugira ngo yuzuze ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bya IV / V cyangwa imyuka yo mu kirere iri hejuru.
V. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho
- Amavuta n'amavuta ya moteri: Bigomba gukoreshwamazutu ikoresha sarufe nkeya(byaba byiza cyane niba harimo sulfure <10ppm) naamavuta ya moteri afite ivu rike (CJ-4 grade cyangwa hejuru yayo)Sulfure nyinshi n'ivu ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera uburozi bwa DPF, kuziba, no kugabanuka k'ubuzima.
- Amabwiriza agenga imikorere: Irinde ko moteri ikora igihe kirekire ku mutwaro muto cyane. Ibi bituma ubushyuhe bw'ibyuka bivamo umwuka buke, bikakurinda kongera kuvugurura ibintu mu buryo butunguranye kandi bigatera kongera kuvugurura ibintu mu buryo bukoresha ingufu nyinshi.
- Gukurikirana no kubungabunga:
- Gukurikiranira hafiumuvuduko w'ingufu zisohora umwotsi inyumanaamatara yerekana uburyo bwo kongera kuvugurura.
- Kora buri giheserivisi yo gusukura ivu by'umwuga(gukoresha umwuka ufunze cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gusukura) kugira ngo ukureho ivu ry'icyuma (calcium, zinc, fosifore, nibindi).
- Shyiraho inyandiko z'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, andika inshuro zo kongera kuvugurura ndetse n'impinduka mu muvuduko w'umugongo.
- Guhuza Sisitemu: Imashini isukura igomba gutoranywa no guhuzwa hashingiwe ku cyitegererezo cyihariye cy’imashini ikora moteri, kwimura, imbaraga zigenwa, n’umuvuduko w’ibyuka bisohora umwuka. Guhuza nabi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere n’ubuzima bwa moteri.
- Umutekano: Mu gihe cyo kongera kuvugurura, ubushyuhe bwo kubikamo ibikoresho byo gusukura buba buri hejuru cyane. Gushyira ubushyuhe mu buryo bukwiye, ibimenyetso by'umuburo, no kwirinda ibikoresho bishobora gushya ni ngombwa.
Incamake
Imashini isukura umwotsi wumye (DPF) niikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rikora neza cyanegukemuraumwotsi w'umukara ugaragara n'udukoko twanduyekuvaamamashini akoresha mazutuIfata ivu rya karuboni binyuze mu kuyungurura imiterere y'umubiri kandi igakora mu buryo bw'izenguruka binyuze mu kuvugurura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikoreshwa neza ryayo rishingiye cyane cyane kuingano ikwiye, ubwiza bwiza bwa lisansi, imikorere ikwiye ya moteri, no kubungabunga neza buri giheMu guhitamo no gukoresha DPF, igomba gufatwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu rusange ya moteri na jenereta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 16-2025
