Amakuru - Uburinzi bune ku bikoresho bya lisansi bya lisansi Inzitizi nyamukuru ku mutekano w'ibikoresho

Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gutanga amashanyarazi mu nganda, ubucuruzi n'ibyihutirwa,amamashini akoresha mazutuikora mu bihe bigoye byo gukora igihe kirekire, ihura n'ingorane nyinshi nko kwangirika kw'imashini, ubushyuhe budasanzwe no gutwarwa n'amashanyarazi menshi. Sisitemu y'Uburinzi Bune ni imiterere y'ingenzi kugira ngo ihamye imikorere y'ibikoresho, yirinde kwangirika kw'ibice by'ingenzi no kongera igihe cyo gukora. Mu kugenzura ibipimo by'ingenzi mu gihe nyacyo, ihita ihagarika akazi mu gihe habayeho ibibazo, ikubaka umurongo uhamye wo kurinda umutekano w'ibikoresho.

I. Ibisobanuro n'agaciro ka Sisitemu yo Kurinda Abantu Bane

Uburinzi bune kuriamamashini akoresha mazutuMuri rusange yerekeza ku mirimo ine y'ingenzi mu nganda: Kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi, Kurinda umuvuduko muke w'amavuta, Kurinda umuvuduko urenze urugero, no Kurinda umutwaro urenze urugero. Ubu burinzi bune bugamije ahantu hashobora guterwa n'ingaruka zikomeye za sisitemu ya moteri, sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta n'isitemu y'amashanyarazi ya generator, bigatuma habaho sisitemu ebyiri zo kurinda "mekanike + amashanyarazi".

Agaciro kayo k’ingenzi ni: iyo ibipimo by’imikorere y’icyuma birengeje urugero rw’umutekano, gishobora guhita gitera ibikorwa byo kurinda nta ngaruka zikozwe n’intoki, kirinda ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho nko gupima silinda, guhagarara no gushya bitewe no kwaguka kw’ikosa, kandi kikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gutakaza igihe cyo gukora.

II. Ibisobanuro birambuye ku Mirimo ine yo Kurinda

(1) Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi burinda

Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kurinda moteri gukonjesha, bikarinda kwangirika gukabije guterwa no gushonga nabi k'ubushyuhe.

Ihame ryo Gukurikirana: Akamashini gapima ubushyuhe bw'amazi gashyirwa ku gice cya moteri cyangwa aho gasohokera radiator gakusanya ubushyuhe bwa coolant mu gihe nyacyo kakabwohereza kuri module igenzura.
Uburinzi: Mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora, uburinzi butangira iyo ubushyuhe bwa coolant burenze 90℃ ku muvuduko muto, 95℃ ku muvuduko wo hejuru, cyangwa 98℃ kuri zimwe na zimwe.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Iyo ubushyuhe burenze urugero, module yo kugenzura ibanza kohereza amajwi n'amatara; iyo ubushyuhe bukomeje kwiyongera, ihita ihagarika amashanyarazi ya valve ya solenoid ya lisansi kugira ngo ihagarike lisansi kandi itume igice kiyifunga, birinda kwangirika kwa silindiri, gufata piston no kwangirika kwa gasket ya silindiri.

(2) Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko muke w'amavuta

Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko muke wa peteroli ni "inzira y'ubuzima" ya sisitemu ya moteri, ikarinda kwangirika kw'imitsi no kwangirika gukomeye kw'ibice bigenda bitewe n'umuvuduko uhagije wa peteroli.

Ihame ryo Gukurikirana: Akamashini gapima umuvuduko w'amavuta gashyirwa mu gasanduku k'ingenzi k'amavuta gakurikirana umuvuduko w'amavuta mu gihe nyacyo kandi gahindura ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko mo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gisubiza moteri igenzura.
Uburinzi: Igipimo gitandukanye gato bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye. Muri rusange, gifatwa nk'ikosa ry'umuvuduko muke w'amavuta iyo umuvuduko w'amavuta uri munsi ya 0.1MPa ku muvuduko utagira icyo utwara cyangwa 0.2–0.3MPa ku muvuduko ugenwe.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Iyi mashini ihita itangaza iyo umuvuduko uri munsi y’agaciro k’umutekano; iyo umuvuduko udasubijwe, module yo kugenzura ihita ihagarika urusobe rw’amavuta kandi igashyiraho uburyo bwo guhagarika kugira ngo hakurweho ibibazo bikomeye nko gufatirwa n’amabati ya crankshaft, gukurwaho kw’amabati ya bearing bush no kwangirika kwa camshaft.

(3) Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko ukabije

Uburinzi bw'umuvuduko w'amazi urenze urugero bugamije urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, buzarinda kwiyongera kudasanzwe kw'umuvuduko w'amazi guterwa n'umuvuduko muke w'amazi cyangwa ingaruka z'ako kanya zituruka ku mizunguruko ya generator ishyushye n'ibice by'amashanyarazi.

Ihame ryo Gukurikirana: Transformateur y'amashanyarazi ikusanya amakuru y'amashanyarazi y'ibice bitatu kuri terminal y'umusaruro wa generator, kandi module yo kugenzura ikayagereranya n'amashanyarazi yagenwe mu gihe nyacyo.
Umupaka wo Kurinda: Ikosa ry'umuyoboro urenze urugero rigaragazwa iyo umuyoboro usohoka urenze inshuro 1.1–1.5 z'umuyoboro ugenwa n'icyuma (ukurikije icyitegererezo).
Uburyo bwo gukora: Module yo kugenzura ihita itangaza vuba iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urenze urugero; iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukomeje kuba mubi, ihita ihagarika switch ya generator igahita izima kugira ngo hirindwe gusaza kw'ubushyuhe, kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi bitewe no gushyuha cyane, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu gice cy'inyuma.

(4) Uburinzi bw'umutwaro urenze urugero

Uburinzi bw'umutwaro urenze urugero bwuzuzanya n'uburinzi bw'umuvuduko urenze urugero, hibandwa ku kugenzura uko ingufu zisohoka kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri na generator birenza imbaraga zisanzwe iyo umutwaro urenze urugero.

Ihame ryo Gukurikirana: Moduli yo kugenzura ibara imbaraga nyazo z'umusaruro w'igikoresho mu gihe nyacyo ikoresheje gukusanya amakuru y'amashanyarazi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ibipimo by'ingufu.
Umupaka wo Kurinda: Uburinzi bw'umusaruro mwinshi butangira iyo imbaraga nyazo zisohoka zirenze inshuro 1.1 z'imbaraga zigenwa cyangwa zirenga.
Uburyo bwo gukora: Itangira gutangaza iyo ingufu zirenze urugero; iyo umutwaro utagabanutse, module yo kugenzura irafunga kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri ihagarara, kuvunika kwa crankshaft, gutwika ibyuma bitanga moteri, gukoresha lisansi ikabije n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikabije.

III. Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukora

Igice cy’ibanze cy’ubugenzuzi cya Sisitemu y’Uburinzi Bune ni module y’uburinzi bune (cyangwa ishyizwe muri PLC/umugenzuzi w’ubwenge), ifite logique yuzuye y’"ikurikirana - urubanza - ishyirwa mu bikorwa":

Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo: Ibikoresho bipima buri gihe ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe bw'amazi, umuvuduko w'amavuta, umuriro n'ingufu, hanyuma bikabyohereza kuri module y'igenzura inshuro nyinshi mu isegonda.
Icyemezo cy'Umupaka: Module y'igenzura igereranya amakuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo n'ibipimo by'umutekano byashyizweho mbere kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere idasanzwe.
Igikorwa cyagenwe: Ibanza gutera amajwi n'amatara (ikimenyetso cyo gusohora, guhamagara) kugira ngo yemererwe gukoreshwa n'intoki; iyo ikibazo kidakemutse, ihita ishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo guhagarika kugira ngo ihagarike lisansi n'ibisohoka.
Uburyo bwo Gusubiza: Nyuma yo gufunga, module ifunga kode y'ikosa kugira ngo abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bamenye vuba ibibazo (nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi E01, umuvuduko muke wa peteroli E02, nibindi).

Byongeye kandi, module y’uburinzi bune ikunze gushyiramo imirimo y’ubufasha mu kugenzura nko gutangiza amashanyarazi ya bateri no kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri kugira ngo irusheho kunoza umutekano w’imikorere.

IV. Ingingo zo kubungabunga buri munsi

Ubushobozi bw'imikorere y'uburinzi bune buterwa n'imikorere isanzwe ya sensor, modules zo kugenzura na actuators. Imirimo yo kubungabunga buri munsi igomba kwibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:

Gupima Ibipimo by'Ikoranabuhanga: Buri gihe genzura niba insinga z'ubushyuhe bw'amazi, umuvuduko w'amavuta n'amashanyarazi zidafite ingufu, kandi ugenzure neza uko sensor ikora buri mwaka kugira ngo wirinde imikorere mibi cyangwa inanirwa guterwa no guhindagurika kw'amakuru.
Igenzura rya Moduli yo Kugenzura: Gerageza imikorere y'itangazo n'iy'ifunga rya module y'uburinzi bune buri kwezi, garagaza amakosa kugira ngo utere ibikorwa byo kurinda kandi urebe neza ko igisubizo gikwiye.
Kubungabunga Actuator: Suzuma buri gihe actuators nka valves solenoid na switch output, amavuta meza n'imyanda kugira ngo urebe ko hari ingaruka zikomeye.
Kugenzura Ibipimo: Reba niba imiterere y'uburinzi ikwiye hakurikijwe imiterere y'imikorere, kugira ngo wirinde ko urwego rukabije rw'uburinzi rutakaza agaciro k'uburinzi cyangwa ko urwego ruto cyane rushobora gutuma habaho kuzimya kw'ibinyoma kenshi.

V. Umwanzuro

Sisitemu yo kurinda abantu bane yaamamashini akoresha mazutuni "imana y'umurinzi" kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza. Imirimo ine ikora inshingano zayo kandi igakorana, igatwikira neza ingaruka z'ingenzi za mekanike n'iz'amashanyarazi.

Mu gihe cyo guhitamo, gushyiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho, hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo bwo gutunganya no kubungabunga sisitemu y’uburinzi bune kugira ngo ihore ikora neza. Ni mu kubaka uru rukuta rw’umutekano gusa, ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi ya mazutu bishobora gukora neza kandi mu buryo buhamye mu gihe cy’ingufu zihutirwa, mu gihe cy’ikorwa ry’amashanyarazi rihoraho n’ibindi bintu, bigatuma abakoresha babona agaciro kanini.

Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-16-2026