Nk'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihuriweho kandi bitanga ingufu zigezweho,igikoresho cyo gukodesha gifite ingufu nyinshiikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, mu gutanga amashanyarazi yihutirwa, gutanga amashanyarazi mu turere twa kure n'ahandi bitewe n'inyungu zayo zo gushyiraho byoroshye, uburinzi bukomeye no kwihutisha ibintu. Muri byo, moderi ya 10.5kV ni imiterere isanzwe mu bikorwa by'ubuhanga, kandi ishobora no guhinduka mu buryo bworoshye hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi nka 6.3kV, 6kV na 11kV. Iyi nkuru izasobanura neza imiterere yuzuye y'amashanyarazi y'icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi menshi, harimo sisitemu y'ibanze, ibikoresho by'inyongera, ubwishingizi bw'umutekano n'amahame ngenderwaho yo gushyira mu bikorwa, itanga icyerekezo cyuzuye cya tekiniki cyo guhitamo, gushyiraho no gukoresha no kubungabunga igikoresho.
Imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'icyuma gikodesha umuriro gifite ingufu nyinshi ishingiye ku bipimo byagenwe, bigena urwego n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere y'icyuma. Voltage y'icyuma ifite ingufu ni 10.5kV (voltage y'umurongo), ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bwa 50Hz bugizwe n'ibice bitatu, ingufu zisanzwe zigizwe n'imbaraga zigera kuri 800kW ~ 3000kW, kandi umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukomeza kugenzurwa kuri 1500rpm kugira ngo amashanyarazi akomeze kandi ahamye. Moteri ikoresha uburyo bwa Y-connectivity bugizwe n'ibice bitatu, kandi aho ntarengwa hashyirwa ingufu binyuze muri resistor ya NGR, igabanya neza umuriro w'ubutaka kandi ikagira umutekano mu buryo; urwego rw'ubushyuhe rugera kuri Class H, kandi izamuka ry'ubushyuhe ripimwa hakurikijwe Class F, ishobora guhuza n'ibisabwa mu mikorere mu bihe bigoye; mu rwego rwo kurinda, moteri ni IP23, naho igice cy'ingenzi cy'icyuma ni IP54 / IP55, gishobora kurwanya neza ukwinjira kw'umukungugu wo hanze, amazi y'imvura n'indi myanda, kandi kibereye gushyirwa no gukoreshwa mu bidukikije byo hanze no mu buryo bugoye.
Sisitemu nyamukuru ya moteri ni yo shingiro ry'amashanyarazi y'iyi mashini, kandi imiterere yayo igena neza ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi n'uburyo imikorere yayo yiringirwa. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyi sisitemu ni moteri ikoresha brushless synchronous, ishobora gutoranywa nk'ubwoko bwa single bearing cyangwa double bearing bitewe n'ibisabwa. Iki kirango ni byiza ko ari ibirango bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka Stamford, Leroy Somer na Meccalte, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo bifite amashanyarazi menshi bifite imikorere ingana. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bukoresha PMG permanent magnet excitation hamwe na digital AVR. Iyi configuration ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya guhindagurika gusa, ahubwo inashobora kugenzura neza voltage, muri yo hakaba harimo ≤ ± 0.25%, kandi ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushyushya bushobora kugera kuri 10s 300% by'umubyimba, bigatuma iyi mashini ikomeza kugumana voltage ihamye iyo umutwaro uhindagurika. Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cyo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ni ≤3% (nta mutwaro n'igice cy'umutwaro), ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubukonje (15–35℃) ni ≥2MΩ, kandi ingufu zishobora kwihanganira volteji ya 42kV (ku butaka) y'umunota 1, ikaba yujuje ibisabwa mu gukingira no kwihanganira ingufu z'ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi. Kugira ngo sisitemu ikomeze kugira umutekano, iyi mashini ifite agasanduku k'ubutaka katagira aho kabogamiye (NGR), karimo resistor zo gukingira ubutaka, transformers z'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho birinda amakosa ku butaka, switches zo kwitandukanya, amatara y'icyerekezo n'ibindi bice. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku butaka, guhagarika amashanyarazi arenze urugero, no koroshya uburyo bwo kurinda relay kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwaguka kw'amakosa.
Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi ni ingenzi mu kohereza no gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri iyo mashini, cyane cyane harimo switchgear ifite voltage nyinshi, PT cabinet n'akabati karinganiye (bishyirwaho iyo units nyinshi zifatanye). Muri zo, switchgear ifite voltage nyinshi, nk'akabati k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ifite icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi (VCB) nk'igice cyayo cy'ibanze, gifite voltage ya 12kV n'ubushobozi bwo gucika bwa ≥25kA, gishobora guca neza umuriro w'amashanyarazi no kwemeza umutekano wa sisitemu. Aka kabati gafite urwego rwo gupima no kurinda (5P20) CT / PT, muri zo PT ifite 10.5kV / 0.1kV, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima voltage, kugenzura guhuza no kurinda voltage nyinshi / undervoltage; icyarimwe, ifite icyuma gifata zinc oxide cya 10kV kugira ngo kirinde neza generator na transformer nyamukuru ingaruka za overvoltage. Byongeye kandi, switchgear ifite kandi imikorere yo kurinda amashanyarazi make, gukurura cyane no kurinda amakosa yo hasi, ishyigikira ibikorwa byo gufungura no gufunga hakoreshejwe intoki n'amashanyarazi, kandi ifite ibikoresho byo kwerekana aho ibintu biri n'ibikoresho bifunga amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe imikorere mibi. Akabati ka PT ni imiterere idahinduka, akazi kayo nyamukuru ari ugutanga ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, ibimenyetso byo guhuza, amashanyarazi atangwa n'ibikoresho n'amasoko y'amashanyarazi yo kurinda sisitemu, kwemeza imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura no kurinda. Iyo ibipimo byinshi bikenewe kuba bingana, hakenewe akabati kangana. Akabati gahuza ibikoresho byo guhuza amashanyarazi byikora n'ibikoresho byo guhuza amashanyarazi, gafite itandukaniro ry'inshuro, itandukaniro ry'amashanyarazi n'itandukaniro ry'inguni y'ibyiciro, kandi gashobora gukora ingufu zikora zikora n'isangira ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'ibipimo, bigamije umutekano n'ubukungu bw'imikorere ingana.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura no kurinda ni "ubwonko" kugira ngo igikoresho gikore neza kandi mu mutekano, ikubiyemo module eshatu: igenzura ry'ibikoresho, uburinzi bwa relay ya voltage nyinshi n'igenzura rya local/remote. Igenzura ry'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rihitamo ibigo bizwi nka Deepsea DSE7320 na ComAp cyangwa ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo bifite imikorere ingana. Ifite imikorere yo gutangira/guhagarika yikora na AMF (guhindura byikora iyo amashanyarazi yabuze), kandi ishobora gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe bw'amazi, umuvuduko w'amavuta, umuvuduko, voltage, amashanyarazi, frequency n'ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, ihuza imirimo myinshi yo kurinda nko gukwirakwiza/gupima, gupima/gupima, gupima, gupima, gupima amazi menshi n'umuvuduko muto w'amavuta. Ishobora kwandika amakuru y'amakosa n'ibyabaye mu mateka, kandi igashyigikira itumanaho rya kure rya RS485/Ethernet, ritanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gucunga imikorere no kubungabunga. Uburinzi bwa relay ifite voltage nyinshi bukoresha igikoresho kirinda mudasobwa nto, gifite imikorere yuzuye yo kurinda, harimo kurinda amashanyarazi atandukanye, kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi/instantaneous trip, kurinda amakosa yo hasi (NGR side zero-sequence CT), kurinda ingufu nyinshi/undervoltage, kurinda inshuro nyinshi/underfrequency no kurinda ingufu zisubira inyuma (iyo ihujwe na grid). Ishobora gusubiza vuba amakosa, igaca umurongo w'ikosa mu gihe runaka, kandi ikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Mu bijyanye no kugenzura, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo guhuza aho ibintu biri n'aho biri. Mu gace, panel control panel ifite voltage nyinshi n'panel control panel ifite voltage nke bishyirwa hagati ku ruhande rumwe rw'ikontineri, byoroshya imikorere n'igenzura aho biri; ishyigikira protocole z'itumanaho za MODBUS TCP/4G/5G, kandi ishobora guhuzwa na sisitemu ya SCADA cyangwa platforme y'ibicu kugira ngo ikurikirane mu buryo nyabwo imiterere y'imikorere y'iyi mashini, ihindure parameters kandi itange amakuru hakiri kare, inoze imikorere n'imikorere myiza.
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'inyongera ifite voltage nke itanga garanti y'imikorere isanzwe y'iyi mashini, cyane cyane irimo akabati gakwirakwiza ingufu nke ka AC400V na sisitemu ya DC24V DC. Akabati gakwirakwiza ingufu nke gatanga ingufu ku bikoresho bitandukanye by'inyongera, harimo ibikoresho birwanya ubukonje n'ibidahinduka nk'ibishyushya amazi, ibishyushya byo mu kirere n'ibishyushya bikuraho ubushuhe, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigenzura ibidukikije n'ibifasha mu byuma nk'amatara yo mu bigega, amasoko, amafeni asohora umwuka n'amabati y'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'umutekano n'ibigenzura nk'ibishyushya, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bipima umuriro/umwotsi; aka kabati gafite MCCB, utumashini duto dukoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho birinda amazi gusohoka, amatara y'icyitegererezo, voltmeters/ammeters, nibindi, kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'ituze ry'amashanyarazi y'inyongera. Sisitemu ya DC24V DC, nk'ingufu zihutirwa kandi zigenzura amashanyarazi y'icyuma, ikoresha bateri za 24V zidafite aside ya lead cyangwa zibika ubushyuhe buke zifite ubushobozi bwa 150–200Ah, kandi ifite charger y'ubwenge igendana n'amazi ifite voltage yinjiye ya AC400V, ishobora gukora charger ikora kandi igasohora umuriro mu buryo bwikora; muri icyo gihe, ifite icyuma gikingira bateri (gishobora gufungwa), icyuma gikingira fuse n'icyuma gikingira kugira ngo sisitemu ya DC ikomeze kuba yizewe kandi itekanye, kandi hirindwe ingaruka z'ibura ry'amashanyarazi rya DC ku gutangiza no gukora bisanzwe kw'icyuma.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukoresha AVR ni sisitemu y'ingenzi yo gufasha mu kwemeza ko voltage ya generator ihamye, ikorana n'iyi sisitemu nkuru ya generator. Iyi mashini ikoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya butagira brush bukoreshwa na PMG (uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya). Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya, ifite ibyiza byo kurwanya guhindagurika kw'amashanyarazi, gutangira neza no kubungabunga byoroshye, kandi ishobora guhuza n'ibikenewe mu bihe bitandukanye byo gushyushya. Nk'ishingiro ryo kugenzura sisitemu yo gushyushya, ikoranabuhanga rigenzura amashanyarazi yikora ku buryo bwa digitale (AVR) ntirishobora gusa kugenzura amashanyarazi yikora kugira ngo rihamye amashanyarazi asohoka, ahubwo rinashyigikira kugenzura ingufu/imbaraga zikora no gusangira ingufu mu gihe cy'imikorere ijyanye n'igihe, birushaho kunoza ubwiza bw'amashanyarazi n'ubukungu bw'imikorere y'iyi mashini.
Insinga, bisi n'uburyo bwo gufunga ni "umuyoboro w'amaraso" w'imiterere y'amashanyarazi, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano no kwizerwa kw'ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Insinga ifite ingufu nyinshi ihitamo insinga y'umuringa ya YJV22-8.7/10kV ikoresha umuriro, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi hagati y'icyuma gitanga ingufu, akabati gafite ingufu nyinshi n'akabati ka NGR, kandi ifite imiterere yo kudakoresha umuriro, kudakoresha ubushyuhe no kudakoresha ingese; insinga ifite ingufu nke ihitamo ibipimo bya ZR-YJV 0.6/1kV, naho insinga igenzura ihitamo insinga irinzwe na ZR-KVV/KYJVP, ifite imbaraga zo kudakoresha amavuta, kudakoresha ubushyuhe no kwirinda ingaruka mbi, bigatuma ibimenyetso byo kugenzura n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigenda neza. Akabati gafite ingufu nyinshi gakoresha umuringa (TMY) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo bunoze imikorere yo gukingira no gukumira amakosa yo gufunga. Ku bijyanye na sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka, igikonoshwa cy'ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro ryizewe (ahantu habiri), kandi ibikoresho byose by'amashanyarazi nka generator neutral point, akabati gafite amashanyarazi menshi, akabati ka NGR n'akabati gafite amashanyarazi make bihujwe n'urukuta rw'ubutaka ruhuriweho. Ubudahangarwa bw'ubutaka busabwa kuba ≤4Ω, busohora neza umuriro w'amashanyarazi kandi bugatuma ibikoresho n'abakozi babungabunga umutekano.
Sisitemu yo kwirinda no gufunga ni garanti y'ingenzi ku mikorere y'iyi mashini, ikuraho ibyago bishobora guteza umutekano binyuze mu ngamba nyinshi zo kurinda. Igikoresho gifunga inzugi gifite ingufu nyinshi gishobora gukora akazi ko kuzimya cyangwa gufunga iyo urugi rufunguwe, kikabuza abakozi kwinjira mu gace gafite ingufu nyinshi ku makosa bigatuma habaho impanuka z'amashanyarazi; icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi gishobora gukumira neza imikorere mibi nko gufunga ukoresheje icyuma cyo hasi no gufunga ukoresheje amashanyarazi, kikarinda umutekano w'ibikoresho; igikoresho gihagarika byihutirwa gikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bw'imashini, panelo igenzura na remote, bishobora guhagarika vuba imashini mu gihe habayeho amakosa atunguranye, bigagabanya igihombo cy'amakosa; icyarimwe, ibimenyetso by'umutekano nk'ibyago bifite ingufu nyinshi, kudafunga, ibimenyetso byo gufunga n'amatara yo kuburira bishyirwa ku gikoresho n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo byibutse abakozi kwitondera umutekano.
Kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu bihe bitandukanye, iyi mashini itanga kandi uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyishyiraho. Niba ari ngombwa gukoresha icyuma gifite voltage nkeya mu gutanga amashanyarazi, transformateur ya 400V → 10.5kV irashobora gushyirwaho; niba ari ngombwa kugira ngo habeho guhinduranya byikora hagati y'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi n'icyuma, igikoresho cyo guhinduranya ATS/ingufu ebyiri gishobora guhuzwa; niba ari ngombwa kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora no kubungabunga kure, agasanduku ko kugenzura kure gashobora gushyirwaho, gahuza imikorere ya 4G/5G, GPS na platforme y'ibicu; kugira ngo hakomezwe umutekano w'umuriro, sisitemu yo kurinda inkongi ya heptafluoropropane/aerosol ishobora gushyirwaho, ihuzwa n'ibikoresho bipima umwotsi n'ubushyuhe; ku bikenewe mu gusakuza no gukingira ubushyuhe, gukingira ubushyuhe bw'amabuye, gukuraho urusaku rw'umwuka n'ibyuka biva mu kirere hamwe n'ibyuma bifunga amashanyarazi bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye urusaku rw'imikorere y'icyuma no kwihuza n'ikirere gishyushye.
Imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'icyuma gitanga umuriro mwinshi ikurikiza amabwiriza y'igihugu n'amahanga kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho n'umutekano w'imikorere. Amabwiriza ahuriweho arimo GB/T 2820 "Imashini zikoresha umuriro zihinduranya umuriro zikoresha moteri", GB/T 1029 "Uburyo bwo gupima imashini zihuza ibice bitatu", GB 50149 "Kode yo kubaka no kwemera gushyiraho busbar mu buhanga bwo gushyiraho amashanyarazi", GB 50217 "Kode yo gushushanya insinga z'amashanyarazi" na IEC 60034 "Imashini zizunguruka zikoresha amashanyarazi". Imiterere yose yujuje ibisabwa kandi ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'amashanyarazi mu buryo butandukanye bw'ubuhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2026
