Guhuza hagati y'ibikoresho bya generator ya mazutu n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu

Ubufatanye hagati y’ibikoresho bitanga ingufu za mazutu n’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu ni igisubizo cy’ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije, ubukungu n’ibidukikije mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi bugezweho, cyane cyane mu bihe nk’ibinyabutabire bito, amasoko y’ingufu ziyongera, no guhuza ingufu zisubira. Ibi bikurikira ni amahame y’imikoranire, ibyiza, n’ikoreshwa ry’ibi byombi:
1, Uburyo bw'ubufatanye bw'ibanze
Kogosha cyane
Ihame: Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ikoresha umuriro mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi make (ikoresha amashanyarazi ahendutse cyangwa ingufu zirenze zituruka kuri moteri za mazutu) kandi igasohora umuriro mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi menshi, bigagabanya igihe kinini cyo gukora kw'imashini zitanga mazutu.
Ibyiza: Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi (hafi 20-30%), kugabanya kwangirika no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, no kongera igihe cyo kuyisana.
Umusaruro ugenda neza (Kugenzura Ingano y'Inzira)
Ihame: Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu isubiza vuba iyo moteri ya mazutu ihindagurika, ikaba yishyura ingaruka mbi zo gutinda gutangira moteri ya mazutu (ubusanzwe amasegonda 10-30) no gutinda ku mikorere.
Ibyiza: Irinde guhagarara kenshi kwa moteri za mazutu, komeza frequency/voltage idahindagurika, ikwiriye gutanga ingufu ku bikoresho bigezweho.
Intangiriro y'umukara
Ihame: Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ni yo soko y'ingufu ya mbere yo gutangiza vuba moteri ya mazutu, ikemura ikibazo cya moteri zisanzwe za mazutu zisaba ingufu zo hanze kugira ngo zitangire.
Akamaro: Kongera uburyo amashanyarazi atangwa mu gihe cy’impanuka akorwa neza, bikaba bikwiye mu gihe amashanyarazi yangiritse (nk’ibitaro n’ibigo by’amakuru).
Ihuriro ry’ibikoresho bishya bivangwa n’ibindi
Ihame: Moteri ya mazutu ihuzwa n'ingufu za photovoltaic/umuyaga hamwe n'ububiko bw'ingufu kugira ngo ihamye ihindagurika ry'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, moteri ya mazutu ikaba ari yo ifasha.
Ibyiza: Kuzigama ibikomoka kuri peteroli bishobora kugera kuri 50%, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
2, Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gushyiraho imiterere ya tekiniki
Ibisabwa ku mikorere y'ibice
Imashini ikora mazutu igomba gushyigikira uburyo bwo gukora inshuro zitandukanye no guhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu no kuzikoresha (nk'uko zifatwa n'ububiko bw'ingufu iyo kugabanya umutwaro mu buryo bwikora biri munsi ya 30%).
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (BESS) ishyira imbere ikoreshwa rya bateri za fosfeti ya lithiamu iron (zimara igihe kirekire kandi zifite umutekano mwinshi) hamwe n'ubwoko bw'ingufu (nka 1C-2C) kugira ngo zihangane n'imitwaro y'impanuka y'igihe gito.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) igomba kugira uburyo bwo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwinshi (grid connected/off grid/hybrid) hamwe na algorithme zikoresha dynamic load distribution.
Igihe cyo gusubiza cya moteri ya mazutu (PCS) kiri munsi ya 20ms, gishyigikira guhinduranya neza kugira ngo hirindwe imbaraga za moteri ya mazutu.
3, Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha
Udukoresho duto tw'ikirwa
Moteri ya mazutu ikoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic + moteri ya mazutu + ububiko bw'ingufu, moteri ya mazutu itangira nijoro gusa cyangwa mu gihe cy'ibicu, bigabanura ikiguzi cya lisansi ku kigero kirenga 60%.
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo gukingira ikigo cy'amakuru
Kubika ingufu bitanga umwanya wo gushyigikira imizigo ikomeye mu gihe cy'iminota 5-15, hamwe n'amashanyarazi asangiwe nyuma y'uko moteri ya mazutu itangiye kugira ngo hirindwe ibura ry'amashanyarazi ry'akanya gato.
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo mu birombe
Ububiko bw'ingufu bushobora guhangana n'imitwaro y'impanuka nk'imashini zicukura, kandi moteri za mazutu zikora neza ku rugero rwo hejuru (umuvuduko wa 70-80%).
4, Kugereranya Ubukungu (Gufata Sisitemu ya 1MW nk'Urugero)
Igiciro cy'ibanze cya gahunda yo gushyiraho (10000 yuan) Igiciro cy'umwaka cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga (10000 yuan) Ikoreshwa rya lisansi (L/umwaka)
Imashini ikora mazutu neza 80-100 25-35 150000
Ububiko bw'ingufu za mazutu + (30% byo kogosha cyane) 150-180 15-20 100000
Igihe cyo kongera gukoresha amashanyarazi: ubusanzwe imyaka 3-5 (uko igiciro cy'amashanyarazi kiri hejuru, niko kongera gukoresha amashanyarazi byihuta)
5, Amabwiriza yo kwirinda
Guhuza sisitemu: Umuyobozi wa moteri ya mazutu agomba gushyigikira ihinduka ryihuse ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo kubika ingufu (nk'uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere ya PID).
Uburinzi bw'umutekano: Kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri ya mazutu iremereye cyane bitewe no kubika ingufu nyinshi, hagomba gushyirwaho ahantu hakomeye ho guhagarika SOC (State of Charge) (nk'ikigero cya 20%).
Inkunga ya politiki: Hari uturere dutanga inkunga ya sisitemu ya "moteri ya mazutu + ububiko bw'ingufu" (nk'uko politiki nshya y'igerageza ry'ububiko bw'ingufu mu Bushinwa yo mu 2023 yakozwe).
Binyuze mu buryo bunoze, guhuza ibikoresho bya generator ya mazutu n'ububiko bw'ingufu bishobora kuzamuka kuva kuri "gusubiza inyuma byuzuye" kugera kuri "microgrid igezweho", ikaba ari igisubizo gifatika cyo kuva ku ngufu zisanzwe kugera kuri karuboni nke. Igishushanyo cyihariye kigomba gusuzumwa neza hashingiwe ku miterere y'umutwaro, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi yo mu gace, na politiki.