Isesengura ryimbitse ry'ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu byuma bitanga gaze karemano

I. Ibigize ingenzi by'ibiciro byo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Igiciro cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga gazi karemano gifata ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi cy’ubuzima bwose (LCOE) nk'ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’ibaruramari, gikubiyemo inzego eshatu z’ingenzi: ikiguzi cya lisansi, ikiguzi cy’ishoramari mu bwubatsi n’ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga. Igipimo cyabyo bitatu kigaragaza itandukaniro rigaragara, muri byo ikiguzi cya lisansi kikaba ari cyo cyiganjemo kandi kikagena mu buryo butaziguye urwego rw’ikiguzi rusange.

(I) Ikiguzi cya lisansi: Igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'ikiguzi, ingaruka zikomeye cyane zikomoka ku ihindagurika

Ikiguzi cya lisansi ni cyo gice kinini cy’ikiguzi cyo gukora ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu byuma bitanga gazi karemano. Amakuru ajyanye n’ibarura ry’inganda agaragaza ko igipimo cyayo muri rusange kigera kuri 60%-80%, kandi gishobora kurenga 80% mu masoko amwe na amwe, bigatuma ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyane bigira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry’ikiguzi cyo gukora ingufu. Ibarura ry’ikiguzi cya lisansi rishingiye ahanini ku giciro cya gazi karemano (harimo igiciro cyo kugura n’amafaranga yo kohereza no gukwirakwiza) hamwe n’imikorere myiza y’ingufu z’ingufu. Inzira nyamukuru yo kubara ni iyi: Ikiguzi cya lisansi (yuan/kWh) = Igiciro cya gazi karemano (yuan/metero ya cubic) ÷ Ingufu zo gukora ingufu z’ingufu z’ingufu (kWh/metero ya cubic).

Ugereranyije n’urwego rw’inganda zisanzwe, igiciro cya gaze karemano yo mu gihugu ku ruganda ni hafi yuan 2.8 kuri metero kibe. Ingufu zo gutanga ingufu za turbine isanzwe ya gaze (CCGT) ni hagati ya 5.5-6.0 kWh/metero kibe, bihuye n’ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu cya yuan 0.47-0.51; niba moteri zikoresha umuriro zikwirakwizwa, ingano y’ingufu zo gutanga ingufu ni hagati ya 3.8-4.2 kWh/metero kibe, kandi ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu kizamuka kikagera kuri yuan 0.67-0.74. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hafi 40% bya gaze karemano yo mu gihugu biterwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Ihindagurika ry’ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya LNG n’impinduka mu musaruro w’ingufu zikomoka mu gihugu, itangwa, ububiko n’ubucuruzi bizashyikirizwa igiciro cya lisansi ku mpera y’ikiguzi cya lisansi. Urugero, mu gihe cy’izamuka rikomeye ry’ibiciro bya JKM byo muri Aziya mu 2022, ikiguzi cy’ingufu zikomoka ku bikomoka kuri lisansi mu bigo bikoresha gazi mu gihugu cyigeze kurenga 0.6 yuan, kirenga kure urugero rw’ibiciro bya break-even.

(II) Ikiguzi cy'ishoramari mu bwubatsi: Ingano ihamye y'ishoramari rihoraho, igabanuka riterwa no gushyira mu bikorwa aho riherereye

Ikiguzi cy'ishoramari mu bwubatsi ni ishoramari rihoraho rimwe gusa, rigizwe ahanini no kugura ibikoresho, ubwubatsi bw'ubwubatsi, gushyiraho no gutanga serivisi, kugura ubutaka no gutanga inkunga. Igipimo cyaryo mu giciro cy'amashanyarazi cy'ubuzima bwose ni hagati ya 15% na 25%, kandi ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ni urwego rwa tekiniki rw'ibikoresho n'igipimo cy'aho biherereye.

Mu bijyanye no kugura ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi rya turbine zikora gaze zikomeye ryamaze igihe kinini rikoreshwa n’ibigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye, kandi ibiciro by’ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibice by’ingenzi biracyari hejuru. Igiciro cy’ishoramari rya kilowati ridahinduka ry’umushinga umwe wo kubyaza ingufu miliyoni ya kilowati ni hagati ya yuan 4500-5500, muri byo turbine ikora gaze n’icyuma gishyushya imyanda bigira hafi 45% by’ishoramari ryose ry’ibikoresho. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibigo byo mu gihugu byihutishije iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Ibigo nka Weichai Power na Shanghai Electric byagiye birushaho kubona aho ibikoresho bikorerwa n’ibice by’ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kubyaza umusaruro, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho bisa ku kigero cya 15%-20% ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigabanya neza ikiguzi cy’ishoramari ry’ubwubatsi muri rusange. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho n’uburyo byo gushyiraho bigira ingaruka ku ikiguzi cy’ubwubatsi. Ibigo bito bikwirakwizwa bifite imikorere migufi yo gushyiraho (amezi 2-3 gusa), ishoramari rito ry’ubwubatsi, n’ikiguzi gito cy’ishoramari rya kilowati risa n’ibice binini by’amashanyarazi; Nubwo ibyuma binini bivanze bifite ishoramari ryinshi rya mbere, bifite inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere myiza y’amashanyarazi kandi bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ishoramari rya ibyuma binyuze mu kubyaza amashanyarazi menshi.

(III) Ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga: Ishoramari rihoraho ry'igihe kirekire, umwanya mwiza wo kunoza ikoranabuhanga

Igiciro cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga ni ishoramari rihoraho mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima, cyane cyane harimo kugenzura no kubungabunga ibikoresho, gusimbuza ibice, ikiguzi cy’abakozi, gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga, kubungabunga ibidukikije, nibindi. Igipimo cyabyo mu gihe cyose cy’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ni hagati ya 5% na 10%. Ukurikije uko inganda zikora, amafaranga y’ingenzi akoreshwa mu gukoresha no kubungabunga ni ugusimbuza ibice by’ingenzi na serivisi zo kubungabunga, muri byo ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga giciriritse cya turbine imwe nini ya gaze gishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 300 z’amayuan, kandi ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibice by’ingenzi ni kinini.

Ibikoresho bifite urwego rutandukanye rwa tekiniki bifite itandukaniro rinini mu biciro byo gukoresha no kubungabunga: nubwo ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro mwinshi bifite ishoramari ryinshi rya mbere, ikoreshwa ryabyo ryo gusiga amavuta ni 1/10 gusa ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe, hamwe n’ibihe birebire byo guhindura amavuta kandi amahirwe make yo guhagarara, bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy’abakozi n’igihombo cyo guhagarika; ahubwo, ibikoresho byasubiye inyuma mu ikoranabuhanga bikunze guhagarara, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibice gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’amashanyarazi uterwa no guhagarika, bigatuma ikiguzi cyose kizamuka mu buryo butaziguye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha no kubungabunga aho ibintu biherereye ndetse no gukoresha sisitemu zo gusuzuma indwara, ikiguzi cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga ibikoresho bitanga gazi karemano mu gihugu cyaragabanutse buhoro buhoro. Iterambere ry’igipimo cyigenga cyo kubungabunga ibice by’ingenzi byagabanyije ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ho kirenga 20%, kandi igihe cyo kubungabunga cyongereweho amasaha 32.000, birushaho kugabanya umwanya wo gukoresha mu bikorwa no kubungabunga.

II. Impinduka z'ingenzi zigira ingaruka ku giciro cyo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Uretse ibice by'ingenzi byavuzwe haruguru, ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku bikoresho bitanga gaze karemano nacyo kigirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye nko uburyo bwo gupima ibiciro bya gaze, icyerekezo cya politiki, iterambere ry'isoko rya karuboni, imiterere y'akarere n'amasaha yo gukoresha ibikoresho, muri byo ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gupima ibiciro bya gaze n'iterambere ry'isoko rya karuboni ari byo bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

(I) Uburyo bwo gupima ibiciro bya lisansi n'ingwate y'isoko rya lisansi

Guhagarara kw'ibiciro bya lisansi karemano n'uburyo bwo gutanga lisansi bigena mu buryo butaziguye icyerekezo cy'ibiciro bya lisansi, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka ku kiguzi rusange cyo gutanga amashanyarazi. Kuri ubu, igiciro cya lisansi karemano cyo mu gihugu cyashyizeho uburyo bwo guhuza "igiciro cy'ikigereranyo + igiciro cyo kuzenguruka". Igiciro cy'icyitegererezo gifitanye isano n'ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya peteroli na LNG, kandi igiciro cyo kuzenguruka gihinduka hakurikijwe isoko n'ibikenewe. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ryoherezwa ku isoko ku giciro cyo gutanga amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bwo gushingira ku isoko rya lisansi nabwo bugira ingaruka ku biciro. Mu turere two gushyiramo amashanyarazi nka Yangtze River Delta na Pearl River Delta, sitasiyo zakira LNG ni nyinshi, urwego rw'imiyoboro y'amazi ni hejuru, ikiguzi cyo kohereza no gukwirakwiza ni gito, isoko rya lisansi rihamye, kandi ikiguzi cya lisansi kiragenzurwa; mu gihe mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, kigengwa n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza lisansi, ikiguzi cyo kohereza no gukwirakwiza lisansi karemano kiri hejuru, bituma ikiguzi cyo gutanga lisansi kizamuka mu karere. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bishobora guhagarika ibiciro by'isoko rya lisansi bishyiraho amasezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutanga lisansi, birinda ingaruka z'ibiciro biterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya lisansi ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

(II) Icyerekezo cya politiki n'uburyo bw'isoko

Uburyo bwa politiki bugira ingaruka ahanini ku biciro rusange n'urwego rw'inyungu by'ibikoresho bitanga gaze karemano binyuze mu kohereza ikiguzi no kwishyura inyungu. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Ubushinwa bwateje imbere buhoro buhoro ivugurura ry'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi by'ibice bibiri ku ngufu za gaze karemano, byatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu ntara nka Shanghai, Jiangsu na Guangdong. Kwishyura ikiguzi gihoraho byemejwe binyuze mu giciro cy'ubushobozi, kandi igiciro cy'ingufu gifitanye isano n'igiciro cya gaze mu kohereza lisansi. Muri byo, Guangdong yazamuye igiciro cy'ubushobozi kuva kuri yuan 100/kW/umwaka kigera kuri yuan 264/kW/umwaka, bishobora kwishyura 70%-80% by'ibiciro bihoraho by'umushinga, bigabanya neza ikibazo cyo kohereza ikiguzi. Muri icyo gihe, politiki yo kwishyura ku bikoresho bitangira vuba ku isoko ry'imirimo y'ubufasha yarushijeho kunoza imiterere y'amafaranga yinjira mu mishinga y'amashanyarazi akoresha gaze. Igiciro cyo kwishyura gihoraho mu turere tumwe na tumwe cyageze kuri yuan 0.8/kWh, ari cyo kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'amafaranga asanzwe yinjira mu kubyaza amashanyarazi.

(III) Iterambere ry'Isoko rya Karuboni n'Ibyiza Bike bya Karuboni

Kubera ko isoko ry’igihugu riharanira uburenganzira bwo gukwirakwiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere rikomeje gutera imbere, ikiguzi cya karuboni cyagiye gishyirwa mu bikorwa buhoro buhoro, biba ikintu cy’ingenzi kigira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’ingufu zikora gaze karemano. Ingufu zituruka kuri gaze karemano zikora gaze ni hafi 50% by’ingufu zikoreshwa n’amakara (hafi garama 380 za CO₂/kWh ugereranyije na garama 820 za CO₂/kWh ku ngufu zikoreshwa n’amakara). Nubwo ibiciro bya karuboni bizamuka, inyungu zayo zikomoka kuri karuboni nke zikomeje kugaragara. Igiciro cya karuboni mu gihugu ubu ni hafi yuan 50 kuri toni ya CO₂, kandi biteganijwe ko kizazamuka kikagera kuri yuan 150-200 kuri toni mu 2030. Dufashe urugero rw'ingufu imwe ya kilowatt 600.000 ifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere igera kuri toni miliyoni 3 za CO₂ ku mwaka, ingufu zikoreshwa mu makara zizakenera kwiyongeraho yuan miliyoni 450-600 ku mwaka muri icyo gihe, mu gihe ingufu zikoreshwa mu makara ari 40% gusa by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu makara, kandi icyuho cy'ibiciro kiri hagati y'ingufu zikoreshwa mu makara n'izikoreshwa mu makara kizagabanuka cyane. Byongeye kandi, imishinga y'ingufu zikoreshwa mu makara ishobora kugera ku nyungu ziyongereye igurisha ingano y'ingufu zikoreshwa mu makaraboni mu gihe kizaza, byitezwe ko bizagabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 3%-5%.

(IV) Amasaha yo Gukoresha Igice

Amasaha yo gukoresha amashanyarazi agira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngaruka zo kwishyura ikiguzi gihoraho. Uko amasaha yo gukoresha amashanyarazi aba menshi, niko ikiguzi cyo gukora amashanyarazi kiba gito. Amasaha yo gukoresha amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu byuma bitanga gazi karemano afitanye isano rya hafi n'uburyo bwo kuyakoresha: amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu buryo buhuriweho, nk'isoko ry'amashanyarazi rigenga amashanyarazi, muri rusange agira amasaha yo gukoresha amashanyarazi ari hagati ya 2500 na 3500; amashanyarazi akwirakwijwe, ari hafi y'ibikenewe mu nganda n'ibigo by'amakuru, ashobora kugera ku masaha yo gukoresha amashanyarazi ari hagati ya 3500 na 4500, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora amashanyarazi gishobora kugabanukaho 0.03 na 0.05 yuan / kWh. Niba amasaha yo gukoresha ari munsi y'amasaha 2000, ikiguzi gihoraho ntigishobora kugabanuka ku buryo bufatika, bizatuma ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi gikwirakwira cyane ndetse n'igihombo.

III. Imiterere y'Ikiguzi cy'Inganda muri iki gihe

Ukoresheje amakuru ariho ubu mu nganda, hakurikijwe igiciro cya gaze karemano cya yuan 2.8/metero ya cubic, amasaha yo gukoresha amasaha 3000 n'igiciro cya karuboni cya yuan 50/toni ya CO₂, ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi cy'imishinga isanzwe ya turbine ya gaze ihuza ingufu (CCGT) ni hagati ya yuan 0.52-0.60/kWh, kiri hejuru gato y'ingufu zikoreshwa n'amakara (hafi yuan 0.45-0.50/kWh), ariko kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ikiguzi cy'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa hamwe n'ububiko bw'ingufu (hafi yuan 0.65-0.80/kWh).

Ukurikije itandukaniro ry’uturere, inyungu ku isoko rihoraho ry’ingufu za gaze, inkunga ya politiki nziza no kwemerwa kw’ibiciro biri hejuru bya karuboni, ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi cy’inganda zikoresha gaze mu turere dutanga ingufu nka Yangtze River Delta na Pearl River Delta gishobora kugenzurwa kuri 0.45-0.52 yuan/kWh, gifite ishingiro ry’ubukungu ryo guhangana n’ingufu zikoresha amakara; muri byo, nk’igerageza ry’ubucuruzi bwa karuboni, igiciro mpuzandengo cya karuboni cya Guangdong mu 2024 cyageze kuri 95 yuan/toni, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushobozi, inyungu y’ikiguzi iragaragara cyane. Mu karere k’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, gafite garanti y’isoko rya gaze n’ikiguzi cyo kohereza no gukwirakwiza, ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu muri rusange kiri hejuru ya 0.60 yuan/kWh, kandi ubukungu bw’umushinga ni buke.

Mu rwego rw’inganda muri rusange, ikiguzi cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga gazi karemano kigaragaza ko "ziri hasi mu gihe gito kandi zigatera imbere mu gihe kirekire": mu gihe gito, bitewe n’ibiciro bya gazi biri hejuru n’amasaha make yo kuyikoresha mu turere tumwe na tumwe, umwanya w’inyungu ni muto; mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire, hamwe n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza amasoko ya gazi, aho ibikoresho biherereye, izamuka ry’ibiciro bya karuboni no kunoza uburyo bwo gushyiraho politiki, ikiguzi kizagabanuka buhoro buhoro. Biteganijwe ko mu 2030, igipimo cy’inyungu imbere (IRR) cy’imishinga y’ingufu zikoreshwa na gazi zikoresha gazi zifite ubushobozi bwo gucunga umutungo wa karuboni kizaba kiri hagati ya 6% na 8%.

IV. Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo kunoza ibiciro

Hamwe n’imiterere y’ibiciro n’ibintu bigira ingaruka, kunoza ikiguzi cyo gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu byuma bitanga gaze karemano bigomba kwibanda ku ngingo enye z’ingenzi arizo "kugenzura lisansi, kugabanya ishoramari, kunoza imikorere no kubungabunga, no kwishimira politiki", no kugabanya ikiguzi cyose binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza umutungo n’imikoranire ya politiki.

Ubwa mbere, gushimangira itangwa rya gazi no kugenzura ikiguzi cya lisansi. Gushimangira ubufatanye n'abatanga gazi karemano bo mu gihugu, gusinya amasezerano y'igihe kirekire yo gutanga gazi kugira ngo ibiciro bya gazi bigerweho bigerweho; guteza imbere imiterere itandukanye y'amasoko ya gazi, kwishingikiriza ku kongera umusaruro wa gazi ya shale mu gihugu no kunoza amasezerano y'igihe kirekire y'ibitumizwa mu mahanga bya LNG kugira ngo bigabanye gushingira ku biciro mpuzamahanga bya gazi; icyarimwe, kunoza uburyo bwo gutwika igice kimwe cy'amashanyarazi, kunoza imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi, no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi kuri buri gice cy'amashanyarazi.

Icya kabiri, guteza imbere aho ibikoresho biherereye no kugabanya ishoramari mu bwubatsi. Kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, guca intege imbogamizi zo gushyira ibice by'ingenzi bya turbine zikora gaze, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho; kunoza imiterere y'umushinga no kuwushyiraho, kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutanga inkunga n'ishoramari mu by'ubwubatsi; guhitamo neza ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho hakurikijwe uburyo bikoreshwa kugira ngo habeho uburinganire hagati y'ishoramari n'imikorere myiza.

Icya gatatu, kuvugurura icyitegererezo cy’imikorere n’isukura no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere n’isukura. Hubaka urubuga rw’ubuhanga mu gusuzuma indwara, wiringire amakuru menshi n’ikoranabuhanga rya 5G kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo gutanga umuburo w’ukuri ku buzima bw’ibikoresho, kandi uteze imbere impinduka mu icyitegererezo cy’imikorere n’isukura kiva ku "gukora neza" kijya ku "kumenya neza mbere y’igihe"; guteza imbere aho ikoranabuhanga ry’imikorere n’isukura riherereye, gushyiraho itsinda ry’inzobere mu gukora no kubungabunga, kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga ibice by’ingenzi, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusana no gusimbuza ibice; guhitamo ibikoresho bikora neza kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo guhagarara no gukoresha ibikoresho.

Icya kane, guhuza neza politiki no kubona inyungu ziyongereye. Gukurikirana politiki nk'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi by'ibice bibiri n'amategeko agenga ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro, no guharanira ko habaho inkunga yo kohereza ikiguzi no kwishyura inyungu; gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo wa karuboni, gukoresha neza uburyo bwo kugurisha karuboni kugira ngo ubone inyungu ziyongereye binyuze mu kugurisha ibipimo bya karuboni birenga no kwitabira ibikoresho by'imari bya karuboni, no kunoza imiterere y'ibiciro; guteza imbere imiterere yuzuzanya ya "gaz-photovoltaic-hydrogen", kunoza amasaha yo gukoresha, no kugabanya ikiguzi kidahinduka.

V. Umwanzuro

Igiciro cyo kubyaza ingufu ingufu uruganda rukora gaze karemano gishingiye ku giciro cya lisansi, gishyigikiwe n'ishoramari ry'ubwubatsi n'ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya, kandi bigizweho ingaruka n'ibintu byinshi nko ku giciro cya gaze, politiki, isoko rya karuboni n'imiterere y'akarere. Ubukungu bwacyo ntibushingiye gusa ku rwego rwa tekiniki n'ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gucunga, ahubwo bushingira no ku buryo bwimbitse ku miterere y'isoko ry'ingufu n'icyerekezo cya politiki. Muri iki gihe, nubwo ikiguzi cyo kubyaza ingufu ingufu uruganda rukora gaze karemano kiri hejuru gato ugereranije n'iy'ingufu zikoreshwa n'amakara, hamwe no guteza imbere intego ya "karuboni ebyiri", izamuka ry'ibiciro bya karuboni n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho, inyungu zacyo zikoresha karuboni nke n'inyungu z'ubukungu bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro.

Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no kunoza gahunda yo gutunganya gazi karemano, gutanga, kubika no kwamamaza ndetse no kongera imbaraga mu kuvugurura isoko ry’ingufu n’isoko rya karuboni, ikiguzi cyo gutunganya gazi karemano kizagenda gitunganywa buhoro buhoro, kikaba inkunga y’ingenzi mu guhuza ingufu zisubiramo ku rwego rwo hejuru n’umutekano w’ingufu. Ku bigo by’inganda, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza ibintu bigira ingaruka ku biciro, kwibanda ku cyerekezo cy’ingenzi cyo gutunganya amashanyarazi, no kugabanya buri gihe ikiguzi cy’ingufu binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza umutungo n’imikoranire ya politiki, kunoza ipiganwa ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bitanga gazi karemano, no gufasha kubaka uburyo bushya bw’ingufu no guhindura imiterere y’ingufu.