Ubwa mbere, dukeneye kugabanya urugero rwibiganiro kugirango twirinde kubikora bidakwiye. Imashini itanga amashanyarazi yavuzwe hano yerekeza kuri generator idafite amashanyarazi, ibyiciro bitatu bya AC synchronous generator, nyuma ikitwa gusa "generator".
Ubu bwoko bwa generator bugizwe byibura nibice bitatu byingenzi, bizavugwa mubiganiro bikurikira:
Imashini nyamukuru, igabanijwe muri stator nkuru na rotor nkuru; Rotor nyamukuru itanga umurima wa magneti, kandi stator nkuru itanga amashanyarazi kugirango itange umutwaro; Ibyishimo, bigabanijwemo stator na rotor; Imashini ishimishije itanga umurima wa rukuruzi, rotor itanga amashanyarazi, kandi nyuma yo gukosorwa na komateri izunguruka, itanga ingufu kuri rotor nkuru; Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) itahura ibyasohotse mumashanyarazi ya generator nkuru, ikagenzura imiyoboro ya moteri ya moteri ishimishije, kandi ikagera kuntego yo guhagarika ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi.
Ibisobanuro bya AVR voltage akazi
Intego yibikorwa ya AVR nugukomeza ingufu za generator zihamye, zikunze kwitwa "voltage stabilisateur".
Igikorwa cyayo nukwongera stator ya moteri ya moteri iyo isohoka voltage yumuriro wa generator iri munsi yagaciro kagenwe, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no kongera umuvuduko wibyishimo bya rotor nkuru, bigatuma ingufu za generator nyamukuru zizamuka mukigiciro cyagenwe; Ibinyuranye, gabanya ibyishimo kandi ureke voltage igabanuke; Niba ibisohoka voltage ya generator ihwanye nagaciro kashyizweho, AVR ikomeza ibisohoka bihari nta guhinduka.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije icyiciro cyumubano hagati yubu na voltage, imitwaro ya AC irashobora gushyirwa mubice bitatu:
Umutwaro urwanya, aho ikigezweho kiri murwego hamwe na voltage ikoreshwa kuri; Umutwaro wa Inductive, icyiciro cyubu kiri inyuma ya voltage; Ubushobozi bwa capacitif, icyiciro cyubu kiri imbere ya voltage. Kugereranya ibintu bitatu biranga imizigo bidufasha kumva neza imitwaro ya capacitive.
Kubintu birwanya imitwaro, nini nini, umutwaro urenze urugero ukenewe kuri rotor nkuru (kugirango uhagarike ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi).
Mubiganiro byakurikiyeho, tuzakoresha ibyishimo bisabwa kugirango imitwaro irwanya nkibipimo ngenderwaho, bivuze ko binini bivugwa ko ari binini; Tuyita ntoya kurenza.
Iyo umutwaro wa generator ari inductive, rotor nyamukuru izakenera imbaraga zishimishije cyane kugirango generator igumane ingufu zihamye zisohoka.
Umutwaro wuzuye
Iyo generator ihuye nubushobozi bwa capacitive, umuyoboro wibyishimo usabwa na rotor nkuru ni ntoya, bivuze ko umuyaga ushimishije ugomba kugabanuka kugirango uhagarike ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi.
Kuki ibyo byabaye?
Tugomba gukomeza kwibuka ko ikigezweho kuri capacitive umutwaro kiri imbere ya voltage, kandi iyi miyoboro iyobora (inyura muri stator nkuru) izabyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri rotor nkuru, bibaho kuba byuzuyemo imbaraga hamwe nibyishimo, bizamura umurima wa rukuruzi wa rotor nkuru. Umuyoboro rero uva kuri moteri ugomba kugabanywa kugirango ugumane ingufu zihoraho za generator.
Ninini ya capacitive umutwaro, ntoya ibisohoka bya moteri; Iyo ubushobozi bwa capacitive bwiyongereye kurwego runaka, ibisohoka bya moteri bigomba kugabanuka kugeza kuri zeru. Ibisohoka bya moteri ni zeru, niyo mipaka ya generator; Kuri iyi ngingo, ibisohoka ingufu za generator ntizishobora kwihagararaho, kandi ubu bwoko bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ntabwo bujuje ibisabwa. Iyi mbogamizi izwi kandi nka 'munsi yo kwishima'.
Imashini itanga gusa ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bike; (Birumvikana ko kuri generator yihariye, hariho kandi imbogamizi ku bunini bwimitwaro irwanya cyangwa inductive.)
Niba umushinga uhangayikishijwe nubushobozi bwa capacitif, birashoboka guhitamo gukoresha ingufu za IT zifite ingufu nkeya kuri kilowatt, cyangwa gukoresha inductors kugirango zishyurwe. Ntukemere ko amashanyarazi akorera hafi ya "munsi yimyidagaduro".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2023
