Isesengura ryikibazo cyo guhuza amashanyarazi ya mazutu no kubika ingufu

Hano haribisobanuro birambuye byicyongereza kubibazo bine byingenzi byerekeranye no guhuza amashanyarazi ya mazutu hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Sisitemu yingufu za Hybrid (bakunze kwita “Diesel + Ububiko” ya microgrid) ni igisubizo cyambere cyo kunoza imikorere, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, no gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye, ariko kugenzura biragoye cyane.

Incamake y'ibibazo

1. 100ms Guhindura Ikibazo Cyingufu: Nigute wakwirinda kubika ingufu zidafite imbaraga zo kugaburira inyuma kugeza kuri moteri ya mazutu, bityo ukayirinda.
2. Imbaraga zihoraho zisohoka: Nigute ushobora gukomeza moteri ya mazutu ikora neza muri zone yayo ikora neza.
3. Guhagarika Gutunguranye Kubika Ingufu: Nigute wakemura ingaruka mugihe sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zitunguranye kumurongo.
4. Ikibazo Cyingufu Zingufu: Nigute wahuza kugabana imbaraga zidasanzwe hagati yamasoko yombi kugirango tumenye neza ko voltage ihagaze.

1. 100m Ihinduranya Ikibazo Cyimbaraga

Ibisobanuro by'ibibazo:
Imbaraga zinyuranye zibaho mugihe ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziturutse muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (cyangwa umutwaro) igaruka kuri moteri ya mazutu. Kuri moteri ya mazutu, ibi bikora nka "moteri," itwara moteri. Ibi ni bibi cyane kandi birashobora kuganisha kuri:

• Kwangiza imashini: Gutwara bidasanzwe moteri birashobora kwangiza ibice nka crankshaft hamwe ninkoni zihuza.
• Sisitemu idahinduka: Bitera ihindagurika mumuvuduko wa moteri ya mazutu (frequency) na voltage, birashoboka ko byahagarara.

Ibisabwa kugirango bikemuke muri 100m birahari kuko moteri ya mazutu ifite inertia nini ya mashini kandi sisitemu yo kuyobora umuvuduko yitabira buhoro (mubisanzwe kurutonde rwamasegonda). Ntibashobora kwishingikiriza ubwabo kugirango bahagarike vuba amashanyarazi asubira inyuma. Igikorwa kigomba gukemurwa na ultra-yihuta isubiza Power Conversion Sisitemu (PCS) ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.

Igisubizo:

• Ihame shingiro: "Diesel iyobora, ububiko bukurikira." Muri sisitemu yose, moteri ya mazutu yashyizweho ikora nka voltage na frequency reference (urugero, V / F igenzura), bisa na "gride." Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ikorera muri Constant Power (PQ) Igenzura, aho imbaraga zayo zisohoka zigenwa gusa namabwiriza aturuka kumugenzuzi mukuru.
• Kugenzura Ibitekerezo:
  1. Igenzura-nyaryo: Sisitemu igenzura (cyangwa ububiko PCS ubwayo) ikurikirana imbaraga zisohoka (P_diesel) nicyerekezo cya moteri ya mazutu mugihe nyacyo kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane (urugero, inshuro ibihumbi kumasegonda).
  2. Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi: Imbaraga zashyizweho kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (P_set) igomba guhaza:Kuremera(imbaraga zose zipakurura) =P_diesel+P_set.
  3. Guhindura byihuse: Iyo umutwaro ugabanutse gitunguranye, biteraP_dieselkugana ibibi, umugenzuzi agomba muri milisegonda nkeya kohereza itegeko kububiko PCS kugirango ahite agabanya imbaraga zayo zo gusohora cyangwa guhinduranya imbaraga zo gukuramo (kwishyuza). Ibi bikurura ingufu zirenze muri bateri, byemezaP_dieselikomeza kuba nziza.
• Kurinda Tekinike:
  • Itumanaho ryihuse: Porotokole yihuta yihuta (urugero, bisi ya CAN, Ethernet yihuta) irasabwa hagati ya dizel, ububiko bwa PCS, hamwe na sisitemu nkuru ya sisitemu kugirango habeho gutinda gukabije.
  • PCS Igisubizo cyihuse: Ububiko bugezweho PCS ifite inshuro zo gusubiza imbaraga byihuse kurenza 100m, akenshi muri 10m, bigatuma zishobora kuzuza iki cyifuzo.
  • Kurinda birenze urugero: Kurenga guhuza igenzura, relaire yo gukingira imbaraga isanzwe ishyirwa kumasoko ya mazutu asohoka nkinzitizi yanyuma yibikoresho. Ariko, igihe cyacyo cyo gukora gishobora kuba milisegonda magana, bityo rero ikora cyane cyane kurinda backup; ibyingenzi kurinda byihuse bishingiye kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura.

2. Amashanyarazi ahoraho

Ibisobanuro by'ibibazo:
Moteri ya Diesel ikora neza cyane ya lisansi hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kiri hagati yimitwaro igera kuri 60% -80% yingufu zapimwe. Imizigo mike itera "gutondeka neza" no kwiyubaka kwa karubone, mugihe imitwaro myinshi yongera cyane gukoresha lisansi kandi ikagabanya igihe cyo kubaho. Intego ni ugutandukanya mazutu ihindagurika ryumutwaro, kugumya guhagarara neza.

Igisubizo:

• Ingamba zo kugenzura “Kogosha no Kuzuza Ibibaya”:
  1. Shiraho Basepoint: Amashanyarazi ya mazutu akoreshwa kumashanyarazi ahoraho ashyira kumurongo mwiza (urugero, 70% byingufu zapimwe).
  2. Amabwiriza yo kubika:
     • Iyo Umutwaro Urasaba> Diesel Set point: Imbaraga nke (P_load - P_diesel_set) yunganirwa na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zisohora.
     • Iyo Umutwaro usaba P_diesel_set - P_kuremera) yakirwa na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishyuza.
• Inyungu za Sisitemu:
  • Moteri ya mazutu ikora ubudahwema gukora neza, neza, kwagura ubuzima no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
  • Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu yoroshya ihindagurika ryimitwaro ikabije, irinda imikorere idahwitse no kwambara biterwa no guhindura imitwaro ya mazutu kenshi.
  • Muri rusange ikoreshwa rya lisansi ryaragabanutse cyane.

3. Guhagarika gitunguranye kubika ingufu

Ibisobanuro by'ibibazo:
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kugabanuka kumurongo kubera gutsindwa na bateri, amakosa ya PCS, cyangwa ingendo zo gukingira. Imbaraga zabanje gukoreshwa nububiko (zaba zitanga cyangwa zikoresha) zihita zoherezwa rwose mumashanyarazi ya mazutu, bigatera imbaraga zikomeye.

Ingaruka:

• Niba ububiko bwarimo gusohora (gushyigikira umutwaro), guhagarika kwayo kwimura umutwaro wuzuye kuri mazutu, birashobora gutera uburemere burenze, inshuro (umuvuduko) kugabanuka, no gukingira birinda.
• Niba ububiko bwarimo kwishyuza (gukuramo imbaraga zirenze), gutandukana kwayo gusiga ingufu za mazutu zirenze urugero ntaho zijya, bishobora gutera imbaraga zinyuranye na volvoltage, nabyo bigatera guhagarara.

Igisubizo:

• Diesel Side Spinning Reserve: Amashanyarazi ya mazutu ntagomba kuba afite ubunini gusa kugirango akore neza. Igomba kuba ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe. Kurugero, niba sisitemu ntarengwa yumutwaro ari 1000kW na mazutu ikora kuri 700kW, ubushobozi bwa mazutu bugomba kuba burenze 700kW + umutwaro munini ushobora gutera intambwe (cyangwa imbaraga zububiko), urugero, igice cya 1000kW cyatoranijwe, gitanga 300kW ya buffer kugirango ubike neza.
• Igenzura ryihuse:
  1. Sisitemu Ikurikiranabikorwa-Igihe: Gukomeza gukurikirana imiterere nimbaraga za sisitemu yo kubika.
  2. Kumenya amakosa: Iyo ubonye ububiko butunguranye, umugenzuzi mukuru ahita yohereza ibimenyetso byihuta byo kugabanya umutwaro kuri dizel.
  3. Igisubizo cya Diesel: Igenzura rya mazutu ikora ako kanya (urugero, kugabanya vuba inshinge za lisansi) kugirango igerageze kugabanya imbaraga zihuye numutwaro mushya. Ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka bugura igihe kubisubizo byubukanishi buhoro.
• Inzira yanyuma: Gutwara imitwaro: Niba ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi ari rinini cyane kuri mazutu idashobora gukora, uburinzi bwizewe cyane ni ugusuka imitwaro idakomeye, ugashyira imbere umutekano wimitwaro ikomeye na generator ubwayo. Gahunda yo kumena imitwaro nikintu cyingenzi gisabwa kurinda muburyo bwa sisitemu.

4. Ikibazo Cyimbaraga

Ibisobanuro by'ibibazo:
Imbaraga zifatika zikoreshwa mugushiraho imirima ya magnetique kandi ni ngombwa mugukomeza imbaraga za voltage muri sisitemu ya AC. Amashanyarazi ya mazutu hamwe nububiko PCS bigomba kugira uruhare mugutunganya ingufu zidasanzwe.

• Diesel Generator: Igenzura ingufu zituruka kumashanyarazi na voltage muguhindura ibyishimo byayo. Imbaraga zayo zidasanzwe zirahari, kandi igisubizo cyayo kiratinda.
• Ububiko bwa PCS: Ibice byinshi bya PCS bigezweho ni bine-bine, bivuze ko bishobora kwigenga kandi byihuse gutera cyangwa gukuramo imbaraga zidasanzwe (mugihe zitarenze imbaraga zabo zigaragara kVA).

Ikibazo: Nigute ushobora guhuza byombi kugirango sisitemu ya voltage itajegajega nta kurenza imitwe yombi.

Igisubizo:

• Ingamba zo kugenzura:
  1. Diesel Igenga Umuvuduko: Amashanyarazi ya mazutu yashyizwe kuri V / F, ashinzwe gushyiraho sisitemu ya voltage na frequency reference. Itanga “isoko ya voltage.”
  2. Ububiko bugira uruhare mu kugenzura ibintu (Bihitamo):
     • Uburyo bwa PQ: Ububiko bukoresha imbaraga zikora gusa (P), hamwe n'imbaraga zifatika (Q) shyira kuri zeru. Dizel itanga imbaraga zose zifatika. Ubu ni bwo buryo bworoshye ariko buremerera mazutu.
     • Uburyo bwo kohereza imbaraga zidasanzwe: Sisitemu igenzura sisitemu yohereza imbaraga zidasanzwe ((Q_set) kububiko PCS bushingiye kumiterere ya voltage iriho. Niba sisitemu ya voltage iri hasi, tegeka ububiko gutera inshinge zidasanzwe; niba ari hejuru, tegeka gukuramo imbaraga zidasanzwe. Ibi bigabanya umutwaro kuri mazutu, bikemerera kwibanda kumasoko akora, mugihe bitanga imbaraga nziza kandi byihuse.
     • Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Imbaraga (PF) Uburyo bwo kugenzura: Intego yibintu (urugero, 0,95) yashyizweho, kandi ububiko burahita buhindura umusaruro wabwo kugirango bugumane imbaraga muri rusange kumashanyarazi ya mazutu.
• Kuzirikana Ubushobozi: Ububiko PCS igomba kuba ifite ubunini buhagije bugaragara (kVA). Kurugero, 500kW PCS isohora 400kW yingufu zikora zirashobora gutanga ntarengwasqrt (500² - 400²) = 300kVArimbaraga zidasanzwe. Niba ingufu zidasanzwe zikenewe, PCS nini irakenewe.

Incamake

Kugera ku ntsinzi ihamye hagati yumuriro wa mazutu hamwe nububiko bwingufu zifatika kubigenzuzi:

1. Icyuma Cyuma: Hitamo ububiko bwibisubizo byihuse PCS hamwe na moteri ya moteri ya mazutu hamwe n’itumanaho ryihuse.
2. Igenzura: Koresha ubwubatsi bwibanze bwa "Diesel set V / F, Ububiko bukora PQ." Sisitemu yihuta cyane ya sisitemu ikora imbaraga-zoherejwe nimbaraga-zogukoresha imbaraga zo "kogosha / kwuzuza ikibaya" no gushyigikira ingufu zidasanzwe.
3. Urwego rwo Kurinda: Igishushanyo cya sisitemu kigomba kuba gikubiyemo gahunda yo gukingira byuzuye: kurinda ingufu zinyuranye, kurinda imitwaro irenze urugero, no kugenzura imitwaro (ndetse no kumena imitwaro) ingamba zo gukemura ikibazo cyo guhagarika ububiko butunguranye.

Binyuze mubisubizo byasobanuwe haruguru, ibibazo bine byingenzi wazamuye birashobora gukemurwa neza kugirango hubakwe ingufu za mazutu zikoreshwa neza, zihamye, kandi zizewe.